Narrative review summarizes bispecific antibodies and CAR T-cell therapy for advanced lung cancer.

This narrative review examines emerging immunotherapies, specifically bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. The authors synthesize current evidence regarding efficacy and safety without reporting specific sample sizes or follow-up durations. The scope encompasses both non–small cell and small-cell variants.

Regarding efficacy, the review indicates that bispecific antibodies currently show favorable efficacy and safety in lung cancer. For CAR-T therapy, the authors argue that advances in CAR design and in vivo delivery may broaden the applicability of CAR-T therapy in lung cancer. No pooled effect sizes or statistical comparisons are reported in this synthesis. Data quality varies across the included literature.

Significant limitations and safety concerns are highlighted throughout the text. These include primary and acquired resistance, on-target, off-tumor toxicity, and cytokine release syndrome. Additional challenges involve limited T-cell persistence, insufficient tumor trafficking, and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. These factors impact clinical utility.

Practice relevance is described as not reported in the source data. Clinicians should interpret these findings cautiously given the narrative nature of the review and the acknowledged limitations. The evidence does not establish causal relationships or definitive treatment protocols for these modalities. Further context is needed for clinical decision-making.