Researchers analyzed data from multiple studies to compare the long-term effects of plant-based and animal-based protein supplements. They looked at nearly 1,900 adults who took these supplements for six months or longer. The goal was to see if one type of protein was better for improving body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, or heart health markers like cholesterol and blood sugar.
The main finding was that there were no statistically significant differences between the two protein sources. This means that, on average, people taking plant-based protein (mostly soy) did not see different results in muscle mass, strength, or cardiometabolic risk factors compared to those taking animal-based protein over this time period. The review did not report specific safety concerns or side effects from the studies it included.
It's important to be careful with these results because the data from the different studies showed some variation, which can make conclusions less certain. The findings suggest that when adults consume an adequate amount of protein over time, the source (plant or animal) may not make a measurable difference for these specific outcomes. Readers should understand this as evidence that both protein types can be part of a healthy diet, but more consistent research is needed to be sure.