Cancer cells can change their shape and behavior to spread to other parts of the body. This process, called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is driven by specific proteins and genetic signals. The review looks at how these changes happen and how they can be measured.
Researchers are learning that EMT is not a simple on-off switch but a range of states. This means doctors can use biomarkers to find where a patient's cancer is on this spectrum. This helps in planning better treatments.
New treatments are being developed to target these changes. These include drugs that affect gene activity, therapies based on RNA, and ways to boost the immune system against these cells. The goal is to stop cancer from spreading and improve long-term survival.
The review also points out that current lab tests might not fully capture how EMT works in real time. More research is needed to create better tests and treatments. Overall, understanding EMT better could lead to more personalized cancer care.