This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 85 studies to look at how factors around birth might connect to the risk of acute leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia in children or adolescents. The researchers analyzed data from a wide range of sources to see if specific perinatal factors were associated with these conditions.
The analysis found that high birth weight, defined as greater than 4000 grams, was linked to an increased risk of acute leukemia overall and specifically for the lymphoblastic subtype. Similarly, a maternal history of abortion, maternal diabetes, and maternal hypertension were all associated with higher risks. Cesarean section was also linked to a slightly increased risk of the lymphoblastic subtype.
Because this is a meta-analysis combining many studies, the results suggest these are associations rather than proof of direct cause and effect. The findings offer potential avenues for developing cost-effective prevention strategies applicable at the population level, but more research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms. Readers should view these results as links between factors and disease risk, not as evidence that these factors cause leukemia.