Ivermectin works for parasites but carries environmental risks in animals

This narrative review examined how ivermectin is used in veterinary medicine to treat animals. The study looked at how well the drug works against different parasites and whether it has any effect on viruses. It also considered the broader impact on the environment. The review found that ivermectin is proven to be active against a wide range of parasites. It works by causing paralysis in the muscles of invertebrates through a specific biological channel. However, claims about antiviral effects are mostly exploratory. These findings come from in vitro or preclinical studies, not from proven clinical activity in animals. The review also noted that ivermectin residue may cause negative effects on non-target invertebrates in the environment. This suggests a need for careful stewardship. Treatment results depend on the species of the parasite, the host species, the formulation, dosing conditions, and the baseline resistance condition. Therefore, resistance surveillance and reducing ecological exposure should be considered in a One Health system. Readers should understand that while the drug is effective for parasites, it is not a proven treatment for viral infections in veterinary practice.