Microplastics may trigger inflammation and immune imbalance in the human body

Tiny plastic particles called microplastics and nanoplastics are everywhere. A new review looks at how these particles might affect the human body. The study suggests they could trigger inflammation, immune imbalance, and even cancer susceptibility. It also points to cellular stress like apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. These are specific ways cells die or get damaged. The review also notes tissue injury, organelle stress, and genotoxicity. Nuclear entry and chronic immune activation are other concerns. Immune exhaustion is another potential outcome. The study did not report specific safety data or adverse events. It did not report a specific sample size or setting. This review provides a theoretical foundation for future mechanistic investigations and human health risk assessments. We must be careful not to overstate what is known. The evidence is currently theoretical. More research is needed to confirm these risks in real people. Until then, understanding these potential pathways helps us prepare for future health challenges.