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Dr. Sofia Müller, MD
Medical Editor

Dr. Sofia Müller, MD

Lifespan & Whole-Person Care — Population health, longitudinal cohorts, care-delivery and goals-of-care research.

Dr. Sofia Müller is a freelance medical writer and physician based in Basel, Switzerland, specializing in Lifespan & Whole-Person Care with over 9+ years of combined clinical and medical writing experience. She holds an MD from the University of Zurich and is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Geriatrics. She also holds additional training in public health, palliative care, and clinical epidemiology.

Sofia focuses on population health research, longitudinal cohort studies, and care delivery models across pediatrics, women's health, geriatrics, palliative care, and primary care medicine. She has extensive experience working on studies related to aging populations, chronic disease management, and integrated care systems.

Before transitioning into medical writing, she practiced as a hospital-based internist and geriatrician, where she developed a strong interest in health systems research and patient-centered care frameworks. She is known for her ability to translate complex clinical and population-level data into clear, actionable scientific communication for diverse audiences.

Articles in this group — last 14 days

Guideline-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Delivered to Only 35.6% of Patients in Pooled Analysis
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Guideline-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Delivered to Only 35.6% of Patients in Pooled Analysis Stroke Rehab Falls Short: Only 36% Get Guideline Care
This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled patient- or chart-level delivery of selected guideline-based stroke rehabilitation processes…
Only about 36% of stroke patients received the recommended rehab care, a review of 547 patients finds, with rates swinging wildly between st…
Lianhua Qingwen plus oseltamivir matches oseltamivir alone for pediatric influenza recovery
Pediatrics RCT
Lianhua Qingwen plus oseltamivir matches oseltamivir alone for pediatric influenza recovery Lianhua Qingwen Shows Specific Benefits for Children with Influenza
In this multicenter, double-blind randomized trial of 520 children aged 3 to 14 years with influenza, Lianhua Qingwen plus oseltamivir produ…
A study of 520 children found that Lianhua Qingwen may help reduce fever and improve cough and sore throat symptoms during influenza infecti…
Schistosomiasis preventive chemotherapy reporting shows 61.7% coverage in school-age children versus 14.6% in adults
Primary Care & Family Medicine Guideline
Schistosomiasis preventive chemotherapy reporting shows 61.7% coverage in school-age children versus 14.6% in adults Global Data Shows Reporting Gaps in Schistosomiasis Treatment Coverage
This guideline-related analysis of 567 country-year records from 52 countries examines reported coverage of schistosomiasis preventive chemo…
New data reveals a significant gap in how schistosomiasis treatment coverage is reported for adults compared to school-aged children.
Rural providers identify community-wide training and trauma-informed care to mitigate Adverse Childhood Experiences
Primary Care & Family Medicine Guideline
Rural providers identify community-wide training and trauma-informed care to mitigate Adverse Childhood Experiences Rural providers share ways to treat trauma and substance use
This guideline based on a qualitative study of 74 rural providers identifies strategies to address Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in c…
Rural providers in Missouri share how addressing childhood trauma can help neighbors struggling with substance use and other health issues.
Realist evaluation protocol aims to explain how homelessness services support recovery for women in Barcelona
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Realist evaluation protocol aims to explain how homelessness services support recovery for women in Barcelona New plan aims to improve support for homeless women
This is a study protocol for a realist evaluation of homelessness services for women in Barcelona. It aims to identify how life experiences …
A new research plan aims to understand how specific services can better help women experiencing homelessness find a path to recovery.
Person-centered, trauma-informed care may strengthen resilience after intimate partner violence
Geriatrics & Aging Sys. Review
Person-centered, trauma-informed care may strengthen resilience after intimate partner violence Trauma-Informed Care Helps Build Resilience for Victims of Violence
This integrative literature review examines person-centered, trauma-informed care for individuals exposed to intimate partner violence and f…
A review of evidence shows that person-centered, trauma-informed care helps survivors of intimate partner violence build resilience and recl…
HIV surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa shows varied indicator counts and inconsistent implementation of activities
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
HIV surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa shows varied indicator counts and inconsistent implementation of activities HIV Tracking in Five African Countries Varies Widely, Review Finds
This narrative review synthesizes 66 documents regarding HIV surveillance indicators and methods across five Sub-Saharan African countries. …
Five African countries count HIV with 80 to 103 different indicators, and how many track stigma or integrated care swings from 23% to 64%.
Protocol outlines qualitative review of adolescent voluntary NSSI disclosure experiences
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Protocol outlines qualitative review of adolescent voluntary NSSI disclosure experiences New plan to study how teens share self-injury experiences
This is a published protocol for a qualitative systematic review, not a completed study. It plans to synthesize lived experiences, barriers,…
A new research plan aims to understand what helps or stops teenagers from speaking up about self-injury.
Higher levels of physical activity are associated with fewer psychological problems in children and adolescents
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Higher levels of physical activity are associated with fewer psychological problems in children and adolescents Physical activity helps improve mental health in children and teens
This narrative review synthesizes evidence regarding the association between physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents…
Active lifestyles may offer a protective shield for the mental health of children and young adults, especially through sports and leisure ac…
Gut microbiota linked to sarcopenia through microbial diversity and metabolite changes
Geriatrics & Aging Sys. Review
Gut microbiota linked to sarcopenia through microbial diversity and metabolite changes Gut health may play a role in managing muscle loss
This narrative review synthesizes 29 human studies and preclinical evidence on the gut-muscle axis in sarcopenia. It describes associations …
New research explores how the balance of bacteria in your gut affects muscle loss and strength as people age.
Topical mitomycin C with dilation increases dysphagia resolution odds by 7.82 in pediatric esophageal strictures
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Topical mitomycin C with dilation increases dysphagia resolution odds by 7.82 in pediatric esophageal strictures Adding mitomycin C helps children with caustic esophageal strictures
This meta-analysis of 3 pediatric randomized controlled trials found that dilation plus topical mitomycin C significantly improved dysphagia…
Adding a topical treatment called mitomycin C to dilation procedures can help children with esophageal strictures swallow more easily and ne…
Economic security defined across six domains, but measurement varies widely in scoping review
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Economic security defined across six domains, but measurement varies widely in scoping review Understanding How Economic Stability Affects Health and Well Being for Patients
This scoping review of 53 articles from 881 sources examined how economic security is defined and operationalized. Definitions varied across…
Experts looked at how money and job stability affect health. They found six main areas that define a person's economic security.
Flour inhalation linked to life-threatening airway obstruction in a 2-year-old boy
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Flour inhalation linked to life-threatening airway obstruction in a 2-year-old boy Inhaled Flour Linked to Severe Lung Obstruction in Toddler
This case report describes a 2-year-old boy who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and lung atelectasis after inhaling gluten-fre…
A toddler suffered severe respiratory failure after inhaling gluten-free flour, highlighting how common household items can cause life-threa…
Early prophylactic hydrocortisone does not reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality in extremely preterm infants
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Early prophylactic hydrocortisone does not reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality in extremely preterm infants Early Hydrocortisone Treatment Shows Risks for Preterm Infants
This meta-analysis of 3,416 infants born before 30 weeks' gestation found that early low-dose hydrocortisone did not significantly improve s…
Early use of low-dose hydrocortisone in very premature infants does not reduce lung disease but may increase the risk of late-onset sepsis.
Educational and experiential factors influence registered nurses' attitudes toward and literacy in artificial intelligence
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Educational and experiential factors influence registered nurses' attitudes toward and literacy in artificial intelligence Factors Influencing Registered Nurses' Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence
This systematic review of 30 studies synthesizes factors influencing registered nurses' attitudes toward and literacy in artificial intellig…
New research identifies how education, experience, and training shape how nurses view and use artificial intelligence in their daily medical…
Low-dose heparin strategy supports ECMO weaning in pediatric protein S deficiency with pulmonary embolism
Pediatrics Guideline
Low-dose heparin strategy supports ECMO weaning in pediatric protein S deficiency with pulmonary embolism Low Dose Heparin Strategy Helps Child with Pulmonary Embolism
This is a single case report describing a pediatric patient with protein S deficiency and acute pulmonary embolism who was managed with an i…
A specialized heparin strategy helped a child with a rare blood condition successfully recover from a life-threatening blood clot in the lun…
Silver diamine fluoride shows no statistically significant difference from conventional restorative treatment for caries arrest
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Silver diamine fluoride shows no statistically significant difference from conventional restorative treatment for caries arrest Silver diamine fluoride shows potential for stopping early childhood cavities
This meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 8,507 children found no statistically significant difference between silver diamine fluo…
Silver diamine fluoride may offer a faster way to stop tooth decay in children, though it may cause staining on the teeth.
Fragmented data systems in sub-Saharan Africa show limited coverage of Nurturing Care Framework domains
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Fragmented data systems in sub-Saharan Africa show limited coverage of Nurturing Care Framework domains Mapping early childhood data systems across sub-Saharan Africa
This scoping review of 49 records identifies 44 early childhood development data systems across 9 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The revie…
Most early childhood data systems in sub-Saharan Africa focus on health, while nutrition and safety are often left out of the picture.
Precancerous cervical lesions affect 22.25% of women living with HIV in Southern and Eastern Africa
OB/GYN & Women's Health Meta-analysis
Precancerous cervical lesions affect 22.25% of women living with HIV in Southern and Eastern Africa Risk Factors Linked to Cervical Lesions in Women with HIV
This meta-analysis of 47,009 women living with HIV in Southern and Eastern Africa identifies a 22.25% pooled prevalence of precancerous cerv…
New data identifies several key factors, including smoking and early sexual debut, that link to a higher risk of cervical lesions in women w…
Children with celiac disease report 7% higher health-related quality of life than their parents
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Children with celiac disease report 7% higher health-related quality of life than their parents Children with Celiac Disease Report Better Quality of Life
This meta-analysis of 2,453 children and 2,257 parents across 14 countries found that children with celiac disease report better health-rela…
Children with celiac disease often report a better quality of life than their parents do, highlighting a gap in how families perceive the im…
FDA Approves Dextrose 70% in Plastic Container for Caloric and Hydration Support
Pediatrics FDA Approval
FDA Approves Dextrose 70% in Plastic Container for Caloric and Hydration Support FDA Approves Concentrated Sugar Solution in a Plastic Container for IV Hydration
The FDA approved Dextrose 70% in a plastic container as an intravenous source of calories and water for hydration in adults and pediatric pa…
The FDA has approved Dextrose 70% in a plastic container for intravenous use in adults and children. It provides calories and water for hydr…
Resistance training may improve knee extensor strength in frail older adults, but evidence certainty is low
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Resistance training may improve knee extensor strength in frail older adults, but evidence certainty is low Resistance training may improve muscle strength in frail older adults
This meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials (566 participants, 27 study arms) examined structured resistance training in adults age…
Structured resistance training shows promise for improving knee strength and other physical functions in older adults who are frail or pre-f…
Formaldehyde exposure in pathology laboratories shows strong association with nasopharyngeal cancer and genotoxicity
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Formaldehyde exposure in pathology laboratories shows strong association with nasopharyngeal cancer and genotoxicity Laboratory Workers Face Risks From Formaldehyde Exposure in Pathology Rooms
This systematic scoping review and qualitative study examines formaldehyde exposure among healthcare workers in pathology and anatomy labora…
Laboratory workers may face high levels of formaldehyde, a chemical linked to nasopharyngeal cancer, in pathology and anatomy work settings.
Frontline workers face 3.4-fold higher risk of COVID-19 infection and significant vaccine hesitancy
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Frontline workers face 3.4-fold higher risk of COVID-19 infection and significant vaccine hesitancy COVID-19 risks and vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers
This narrative review examines COVID-19 impacts on health workers and rehabilitation professionals, highlighting a 3.4-fold higher risk of i…
Frontline health workers face higher infection risks and varying levels of vaccine hesitancy while navigating new ways to provide patient ca…
Structural and organizational factors influence career progression for internationally educated nurses and midwives in the UK
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Structural and organizational factors influence career progression for internationally educated nurses and midwives in the UK Structural barriers limit career growth for international nurses and midwives
This mixed methods systematic review of 8 studies examines barriers and facilitators to career progression for internationally educated nurs…
International nurses and midwives in the UK face structural hurdles like limited recognition of their prior skills and unequal access to lea…
Low intravenous esketamine doses may reduce emergence delirium during sevoflurane anesthesia in children
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Low intravenous esketamine doses may reduce emergence delirium during sevoflurane anesthesia in children Esketamine May Reduce Agitation in Children During Wake Up
This targeted review examines the use of intravenous and intranasal esketamine for managing emergence delirium and agitation in children. Th…
New research suggests that specific doses of esketamine may help reduce distress and agitation in children as they wake up from anesthesia.
First-line EGFR inhibitor options for advanced NSCLC require balancing efficacy with patient-centered tolerability trade-offs
Palliative Care Sys. Review
First-line EGFR inhibitor options for advanced NSCLC require balancing efficacy with patient-centered tolerability trade-offs New Treatment Options for Lung Cancer Patients with EGFR Mutations
This narrative review examines first-line therapy options for patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. The authors co…
Newer first-line therapies for lung cancer offer more options, but doctors must balance the strength of the drug against how well a patient …
Omics-enhanced models provide higher predictive accuracy for first-trimester gestational diabetes than conventional lipid indicators
OB/GYN & Women's Health Sys. Review
Omics-enhanced models provide higher predictive accuracy for first-trimester gestational diabetes than conventional lipid indicators Multi-Omics Data May Improve Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes
This narrative review examines multi-omics and lipid indicators for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester. Omics-e…
New data suggests that combining genetic, metabolic, and gut health markers could help identify gestational diabetes risk earlier in pregnan…
EHDS Regulation provides a framework to address fragmented infrastructure in European public health surveillance
OB/GYN & Women's Health Sys. Review
EHDS Regulation provides a framework to address fragmented infrastructure in European public health surveillance New European rules could improve public health tracking and safety
This scoping literature review examines the role of the European Health Data Space (EHDS) in improving public health surveillance and emerge…
Fragmented data and weak legal rules currently hinder public health tracking. A new European framework aims to unify these systems to better…
Thyroid autoimmunity linked to lower ovarian reserve markers in women
OB/GYN & Women's Health Meta-analysis
Thyroid autoimmunity linked to lower ovarian reserve markers in women Thyroid antibodies may link to lower ovarian reserve in women
This meta-analysis of observational studies examined associations between thyroid autoimmunity and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Thyroid…
New data shows a link between thyroid antibodies and lower ovarian reserve, which could impact fertility and egg quality in women.
Gut-placental axis signaling and dysbiosis drive pathological cascades in adverse pregnancy outcomes
OB/GYN & Women's Health Sys. Review
Gut-placental axis signaling and dysbiosis drive pathological cascades in adverse pregnancy outcomes Gut Health Links May Help Prevent Pregnancy Complications
This narrative review explores the role of the gut-placental axis in conditions such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. The authors s…
New research suggests that the link between gut health and the placenta could help manage risks like preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Recreational Football Tied to Lower Body Fat in Chronic Disease
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Recreational Football Tied to Lower Body Fat in Chronic Disease Playing Recreational Football Helps Adults and Teens Lower Their Body Fat
A meta-analysis of 17 trials finds recreational football linked to modest reductions in body fat among people living with chronic disease.
Joining a recreational football team can help people with chronic conditions lower their body fat and improve their overall health.
Income and structural barriers significantly limit access to routine eye care for low-income populations
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Income and structural barriers significantly limit access to routine eye care for low-income populations Income and Structural Barriers Limit Access to Eye Care
This scoping review of 19 sources examines how income and structural barriers impact eye care access in the United States. The review finds …
Lower income is linked to poorer vision outcomes and fewer opportunities to receive routine eye care and screenings.
Circulating currency notes in Africa show 79.3% bacterial contamination prevalence
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Circulating currency notes in Africa show 79.3% bacterial contamination prevalence High Rates of Bacterial Contamination Found on African Currency
This meta-analysis of 12 studies covering 2,003 circulating currency notes in African countries estimates an overall bacterial contamination…
Nearly 80% of currency notes in African countries were found to be contaminated with bacteria, including some that are resistant to multiple…
A new framework integrates health literacy and competence for planetary and environmental health education
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
A new framework integrates health literacy and competence for planetary and environmental health education Planetary Health Literacy Framework Proposed for Health Professionals
This scoping review synthesizes 17 health literacy and competence concepts from 28 studies to develop a professional planetary health litera…
A new framework maps 17 health literacy concepts into four skills to help health workers address climate and environmental health.
Subcutaneous infliximab maintains clinical remission and shows high tolerability in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Subcutaneous infliximab maintains clinical remission and shows high tolerability in children with inflammatory bowel disease Switching to Subcutaneous Infliximab Maintains Remission in Children with IBD
This meta-analysis of 173 patients found that switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab maintains clinical remission at 93% and …
Switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab may maintain clinical remission and high satisfaction for children with inflammatory b…
Traditional mind-body exercises reduce fall risk scores and improve balance in older adults
Geriatrics & Aging Meta-analysis
Traditional mind-body exercises reduce fall risk scores and improve balance in older adults Traditional mind-body exercises may help older adults improve balance
This meta-analysis of 3622 older adults found that traditional mind-body exercises, including Baduanjin, Tai Chi, and Wuqinxi, significantly…
Traditional exercises like Tai Chi and Baduanjin may help older adults improve their balance and lower their risk of falling during physical…
Nutritional support in pediatric critical illness may reduce infection risk and improve recovery
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Nutritional support in pediatric critical illness may reduce infection risk and improve recovery Nutrition May Shape Infection Risk in Sick Children
This narrative review examines the role of nutritional support for infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care settings. T…
A new review suggests poor nutrition during critical illness may leave infants and children more vulnerable to infection and slower to recov…
Robot-assisted training may improve balance and lower-limb motor function after stroke, but walking evidence is inconsistent
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Robot-assisted training may improve balance and lower-limb motor function after stroke, but walking evidence is inconsistent Robot Training May Help Balance After Stroke, Evidence Mixed
This umbrella review of 19 reviews examined robot-assisted training for post-stroke lower-limb motor dysfunction. It found potential benefit…
A review of 19 studies suggests robot-assisted training may help balance and leg movement after stroke, but walking benefits are less clear.
One-fifth and one-half doses of 17DD yellow fever vaccine meet non-inferiority for seroconversion
Pediatrics RCT
One-fifth and one-half doses of 17DD yellow fever vaccine meet non-inferiority for seroconversion Smaller doses of yellow fever vaccine may still protect children
This randomized clinical trial of 1784 children aged 9-23 months in Uganda found that both one-fifth and one-half doses of the 17DD yellow f…
A trial in Uganda shows that smaller doses of the yellow fever vaccine can provide the same protection as a full dose.
Radar and vision dominate non-contact IoT monitoring, but standardized benchmarking remains limited
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Radar and vision dominate non-contact IoT monitoring, but standardized benchmarking remains limited Non-contact IoT Systems Monitor Heart Rate and Breathing Rates
This systematic review of 88 studies examines non-contact IoT systems for physiological biomarker monitoring. Radar and vision account for r…
New technology allows for remote monitoring of heart rate and breathing without physical contact, using tools like radar and vision systems.
Multidisciplinary management and advanced neuroimaging improve outcomes for children with Vein of Galen malformation
Pediatrics Sys. Review
Multidisciplinary management and advanced neuroimaging improve outcomes for children with Vein of Galen malformation Newer methods improve care for children with Vein of Galen malformation
This conference report reviews the management of Vein of Galen malformation in newborns and children. It highlights the integration of cardi…
Newer imaging and specialized treatments are helping doctors move from just keeping babies alive to improving long-term brain health.
Restrictive diets for food allergy do not provide evidence for managing ADHD symptoms
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Restrictive diets for food allergy do not provide evidence for managing ADHD symptoms Food Allergy and ADHD Link Remains Unclear in Children
This narrative review explores the association between food allergy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. The review fin…
Some studies hint at a link between food allergies and ADHD in kids, but the evidence is mixed and far from settled.
Demographic, psychological, and tool-related factors influence older adults' acceptance of health monitoring tools
OB/GYN & Women's Health Sys. Review
Demographic, psychological, and tool-related factors influence older adults' acceptance of health monitoring tools Factors Influencing How Older Adults Use Health Monitoring Tools
This narrative review of 49 studies synthesizes factors influencing the acceptance of health monitoring tools among older adults. Key factor…
Older adults face specific hurdles when using health monitors, including concerns about privacy, ease of use, and the cost of the technology…
ML/DL models show high diagnostic accuracy for endometriosis but lower specificity limits clinical use
OB/GYN & Women's Health Meta-analysis
ML/DL models show high diagnostic accuracy for endometriosis but lower specificity limits clinical use Machine learning models show promise in diagnosing endometriosis
This meta-analysis pooled diagnostic accuracy data for machine learning and deep learning models in endometriosis. Sensitivity was 0.90 and …
New computer models could help doctors identify endometriosis more accurately, potentially improving diagnosis for people facing this chroni…
FDA Approves Paragard T 380A (copper IUS) for Prevention of Pregnancy for Up to 10 Years
OB/GYN & Women's Health FDA Approval
FDA Approves Paragard T 380A (copper IUS) for Prevention of Pregnancy for Up to 10 Years FDA approves copper birth control device that prevents pregnancy for up to 10 years
The FDA has approved Paragard T 380A, a copper-containing intrauterine system (IUS), for prevention of pregnancy in females of reproductive …
The FDA approved Paragard T 380A, a copper intrauterine device, to prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years. It is a long-acting option that con…
Knowledge gaps and social barriers constrain PrEP uptake among university students in South Africa
Primary Care & Family Medicine Sys. Review
Knowledge gaps and social barriers constrain PrEP uptake among university students in South Africa University students show willingness to use HIV prevention medicine
This scoping review examines PrEP awareness, uptake, and related risk behaviors among university students in South Africa. While awareness a…
While many university students in South Africa are open to using PrEP, several hurdles like stigma and cost still stand in the way of consis…
Remote cardiac rehabilitation improves health-related quality of life and reduces cardiac rehospitalization rates
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Remote cardiac rehabilitation improves health-related quality of life and reduces cardiac rehospitalization rates Remote cardiac rehabilitation improves quality of life and safety
This meta-analysis of 45 randomized controlled trials indicates that remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) significantly improves health-relat…
Remote cardiac rehabilitation can improve quality of life and lower hospital readmission rates for people with heart disease.
VRE Prevalence 18.4% in Hematologic Malignancy Patients, Pooled Meta-Analysis Finds
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
VRE Prevalence 18.4% in Hematologic Malignancy Patients, Pooled Meta-Analysis Finds Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus is common in patients with certain blood cancers
This meta-analysis of 120 studies estimates the pooled prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in patients with hematological …
A large review of 120 studies shows that nearly 1 in 5 patients with leukemia or lymphoma carry a resistant strain of bacteria.