Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Play-based cognitive flexibility training boosts creativity in third gradersPlayful workshops boost story skills and flexible thinking for third graders

AI-generated summary of the cited source, checked by automated accuracy review. How we work

Key Takeaway
Consider play-based cognitive flexibility training to improve narrative creativity in third graders, but note limitations in data reporting.

This randomized controlled trial included 249 third-grade students (123 girls, 126 boys; mean age 8.08 years) from three state-subsidized schools in Antofagasta, Chile. The intervention was a 14-session workshop with play-based activities targeting cognitive flexibility, including Fantasma Blitz dynamics, storytelling, and improvisation. The comparator was usual classes.

Primary outcomes were creativity scores (narrative, graphic, and overall) measured by the PIC-N test. Narrative creativity was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p < 0.01). Cognitive flexibility, a secondary outcome, increased significantly from pre- to post-test (p < 0.05). Differences in creativity scores were observed across schools.

Safety and tolerability were not reported. Limitations include lack of normality in some indicators. The study did not report effect sizes or absolute numbers for the main results.

These findings suggest that play-based programs targeting executive functions may enhance creativity in primary education. However, the lack of effect sizes and variability across schools warrant cautious interpretation.

Imagine a third grader staring at a blank page. They know the rules of grammar but struggle to come up with a fresh idea. This is a common struggle for many children around the world.

But a new study from Chile offers a different path. Researchers found that a playful approach could unlock hidden creative potential in young students.

The Problem With Standard Lessons

Third grade is a big milestone in education. Kids are expected to write longer stories and solve complex problems. Yet many students feel stuck when they need to think outside the box.

Traditional classrooms often focus on memorizing facts and following strict rules. This method works well for math or history. It does not always help children learn to imagine new worlds.

Teachers want their students to be creative. But they often lack the tools to teach this skill effectively. The current system leaves many children behind when it comes to imagination.

A New Way To Think

The researchers tried something different. They replaced part of the regular class with a special workshop. This program used games and play to train the brain.

Think of the brain like a busy factory. Sometimes the assembly line gets stuck on one product. The workers keep making the same item over and over.

Play acts like a reset button for this factory. It helps the brain switch gears and start making new things. This ability to switch gears is called cognitive flexibility.

How The Study Worked

The team studied 249 students from three schools in Antofagasta. Half of the children joined the special workshop. The other half continued with their normal classes.

The workshop lasted for two months. It included 14 sessions of fun activities. Kids played games called Fantasma Blitz. They also practiced storytelling and improvisation.

Researchers tested the children before the program started. They tested them again after the final session. The tests measured how flexible their thinking was and how creative their stories were.

The Surprising Results

The children in the workshop showed big improvements. Their ability to think flexibly grew significantly. They could switch between different ideas much faster than before.

The story writing results were even more impressive. Kids in the workshop wrote much better narratives than the control group. Their stories had more depth and imagination.

This suggests that play is not just fun. It is a powerful tool for learning. It helps children develop the mental muscles they need for school and life.

This doesn't mean this treatment is available yet.

The study also found differences between the three schools. Some schools saw bigger gains than others. This might depend on how the teachers implemented the program.

What Experts Say

The findings fit with what other researchers have seen. Play is a natural way for children to learn. It engages their brains in a way that lectures cannot.

When children play, they take risks. They try new things without fear of failure. This environment builds confidence and creativity.

The study supports adding play to the school day. It does not mean replacing all lessons with games. It means using play to enhance regular learning.

What This Means For Families

Parents might wonder if they can help at home. Simple games can build these skills. Building blocks, drawing, and pretend play all help.

Talk to your child about their ideas. Ask them to tell a story with a twist. Encourage them to try different solutions to problems.

These habits build the same skills the workshop taught. They help children stay curious and open-minded.

The Limitations

The study was done in one region of Chile. The results might look different in other places. The group was also relatively small.

More research is needed to confirm these results. We need to see if this works in different countries. We also need to know if the effects last a long time.

What Happens Next

The researchers plan to share their methods with other schools. They hope to see this approach used more widely. Future studies will track the students over several years.

Schools might start piloting similar programs. They will watch how students respond. The goal is to make creativity a core part of education.

This shift could change how we teach children. It puts imagination back at the center of learning.

Study Details

Study typeRct
EvidenceLevel 2
PublishedMay 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the impact of a play-based intervention focused on cognitive flexibility and divergent thinking on children's creativity outcomes in third-grade students. METHOD: A total of 249 (123 girls, 126 boys; mean age = 8.08 years; SD = 0.27; range: 8-9 years) from three state-subsidized schools in Antofagasta, Chile, participated. Within each school, intact classrooms were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. The experimental group participated in a 14-session workshop involving play-based activities designed to train cognitive flexibility (e.g., Fantasma Blitz dynamics and variants), along with storytelling and improvisation exercises, while the control groups continued with their usual classes. Cognitive flexibility was assessed individually before and after the intervention using the Yellow-Red subtest ("Trios"). Creativity was assessed after the intervention using the Creative Imagination Test for Children (PIC-N), yielding narrative, graphic, and overall creativity scores. DATA ANALYSIS: Given the lack of normality in some indicators, aligned rank transform (ART) ANOVA was used. Creativity outcomes (PIC-N; post-test) were analyzed with a two-way Group × School model, and cognitive flexibility ("Trios") was analyzed with a two-way Group × Time (pre-post) model. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher narrative creativity than the control group (p < 0.01). Cognitive flexibility increased significantly from pre- to post-test in both groups (p < 0.05). Differences in creativity scores were also observed across schools. CONCLUSIONS: A structured, play-based intervention was effective in enhancing children's narrative creativity and cognitive flexibility. These findings support incorporating play-based programs targeting executive functions to strengthen creativity in primary education.
Free Newsletter

Clinical research that matters. Delivered to your inbox.

Join thousands of clinicians and researchers. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.