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COM-B model identifies physical, psychological, and social factors influencing health information seeking in older adultsFactors that help or hinder how older adults find health info

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Key Takeaway
Note that physical capability, social support, and health literacy are key drivers of information seeking in older adults.

This mixed-methods systematic review synthesizes 20 studies (16 quantitative descriptive, 3 qualitative, and 1 mixed-methods) to identify factors influencing health information seeking behavior (HISB) in older adults. The analysis categorizes these factors using the COM-B model framework to understand barriers and facilitators.

Key findings indicate that physical capability is influenced by skills to access information, age-related physiological decline, and healthy lifestyle habits. Psychological capability involves health literacy, trust in sources, and the ability to evaluate information. Physical opportunity is linked to the credibility of information, accessibility of sources, and financial constraints. Social opportunity factors include family and social support. Motivation is divided into reflective motivation (self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and intention to maintain health) and automatic motivation (personality traits).

The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies to promote HISB among older adults. However, the results are based on observational and descriptive data, meaning associations were identified rather than direct causal links. The study does not report specific statistical significance or effect sizes for individual factors.

Finding reliable health information can feel like a maze, especially as we get older. A review of 20 different studies looked at what helps or stops older adults from finding the medical information they need. The researchers found that things like physical skills, trust in sources, and even personality traits play a big role in how people search for answers.

Some barriers are practical, such as financial difficulties or limited access to certain tools. Others are more personal, like whether a person feels confident in their ability to judge if a source is trustworthy. The study also highlighted that social factors, like having strong support from family and friends, can make it much easier for older adults to navigate these hurdles.

While the research shows exactly what makes information seeking harder or easier, it is important to remember that these are associations found in observational studies. These findings give a roadmap for creating better ways to help seniors find reliable health advice, but they do not prove that one specific factor causes a change in behavior.

What this means for you:
Older adults face a mix of personal, social, and physical hurdles when trying to find reliable health information.

Common questions

What makes it hard for older adults to find health info?

Several factors can make searching for health information difficult. These include financial problems, a lack of trust in the source of information, and limited skills to evaluate if an online source is actually reliable.

What helps older adults find better health information?

Having strong support from family and friends is a major help. Additionally, having good habits, feeling confident in one's own abilities, and knowing how to use tools to access information can make the process easier.

How does personal motivation affect health searching?

A person's internal motivation matters. This includes their self-efficacy, whether they believe the information will be useful, and even their specific personality traits when looking for ways to maintain their health.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundThe intensification of global population aging has led to a growing demand for health information among older adults. Proactively seeking health information is crucial for enabling older adults to make informed health decisions. However, the factors influencing older adults' health information seeking behavior (HISB) have yet to be systematically summarized.ObjectivesThis study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators of HISB among older adults using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, and to provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a search in seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The initial search period covered the period from the establishment of each database to 2 November 2025. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Researchers used convergent integration methods to collect, analyze, and integrate data. The COM-B model was applied to identify potential barriers and facilitators.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included, comprising 16 quantitative descriptive studies, three qualitative studies, and one mixed-methods study. The findings highlight a complex and multifaceted range of factors influencing HISB, which were categorized into six domains: physical capability (skills to access information, age-related physiological decline and healthy lifestyle habits), psychological capability (limited ability to evaluate health information, health literacy and trust in the source of information), physical opportunity (credibility of accessible health information, access to information sources and financial difficulties), social opportunity (family support and social support), reflective motivation (self-efficacy, perceived usefulness of health information and intention to maintain health status), automatic motivation (personality trait).ConclusionsThis review identified 15 factors influencing HISB among older adults and categorized them using the COM-B model. The analysis underscores the importance of addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators related to capability, opportunity, and motivation as a foundation for intervention design. Future research should further examine and validate these determinants and use them as a theoretical basis for developing targeted interventions to promote HISB among older adults.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024600497, identifier: CRD42024600497.
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