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Extreme diurnal temperature range increases risk of asthma related visits in children and adolescentsExtreme temperature swings increase hospital visits for children with asthma

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Key Takeaway
Note that extreme diurnal temperature range is associated with increased asthma related visits in children and adolescents.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from 14 studies to evaluate how short-term ambient temperature variability affects healthcare utilization in children and adolescents with asthma. The analysis focused on three primary metrics: diurnal temperature range (DTR), temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), and temperature variability (TV).

The primary finding is that extreme DTR (P95/P99) is associated with an increased risk of asthma related visits (RR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.10-2.71). While a linear effect of a 1°C increase in DTR was not significant (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.99-1.15), the impact of DTR was notably stronger during the cold season (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.35) compared to the warm season (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98-1.12). No significant sex differences were observed in the effects of DTR on asthma outcomes.

Several limitations were noted, specifically regarding TCN and TV metrics. Due to limited studies and inconsistent exposure definitions for these specific variables, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn for TCN or TV. These findings may assist in developing strategies for pediatric asthma prevention and management under changing climate conditions.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in understanding environmental triggers for pediatric asthma. While previous coverage focused on clinical interventions like intravenous magnesium sulfate for severe exacerbations, cloud-based systems to improve medication adherence, or nutritional factors like fermented dairy, this study provides evidence regarding the impact of climate and temperature variability on healthcare utilization.

When the weather changes quickly, it can be a major stressor for kids struggling with asthma. New research looked at how these temperature swings, called diurnal temperature range (DTR), affect children and adolescents who have asthma. The study focused on how often these kids needed medical care when temperatures fluctuated significantly.

The data shows that extreme temperature swings are linked to a higher risk of asthma-related healthcare visits. This effect is even more noticeable during the cold season compared to the warm season. While small, steady changes in daily temperature did not show a clear link to more visits, those large, sudden jumps did make a difference.

Researchers found that these risks were similar for both boys and girls. However, it is important to note that some parts of the data are still limited because different studies used different ways to measure temperature changes. While we cannot draw firm conclusions on every type of temperature shift yet, the link between extreme swings and asthma visits in children is clear.

What this means for you:
Extreme daily temperature swings increase the risk of medical visits for children with asthma, especially in winter.

Common questions

How does temperature affect my child's asthma?

Extreme swings in the daily temperature range (DTR) are linked to an increased risk of asthma-related healthcare visits for children. This effect is stronger during the cold season than it is during the warm season.

Does this affect boys and girls differently?

The study found no significant difference between boys and girls regarding how temperature swings affected their asthma-related healthcare visits. The risk was similar for both groups.

Are there specific seasons where the risk is higher?

Yes, the link between temperature swings and more medical visits is stronger during the cold season than it is during the warm season.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the association between short-term ambient temperature changes (including diurnal temperature range [DTR], temperature change between neighboring days [TCN], and temperature variability [TV]) and asthma-related healthcare utilization among children and adolescents, and to provide evidence for childhood asthma prevention and control under climate change.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database for eligible ecological time-series and case-crossover studies up to 27 May 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was performed using R software. All effect estimates were unified as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that extreme DTR (P95/P99) was significantly associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma-related visits (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10–2.71), whereas the linear effect of a 1 °C increase in DTR was not significant (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99–1.15). Subgroup analysis indicated a stronger effect of DTR in the cold season (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35) than in the warm season (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98–1.12), with no significant interaction by season (p = 0.13). No significant sex difference was observed (boys: RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; girls: RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04; p = 0.14). Meta-analysis was not performed for TCN and TV0−t because of limited studies and inconsistent exposure definitions, whereas descriptive analysis suggested potential seasonal modifications. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the primary results were stable.ConclusionCurrent quantitative evidence mainly supports an association between extreme DTR and an increased risk of pediatric asthma-related visits. No statistically significant effect modification by season, sex, or age was identified for DTR, although numerical trends were observed. For other temperature variability indicators (TCN and TV0-t), definitive conclusions cannot be drawn because of limited available studies and inconsistent exposure definitions. More standardized research with uniform indicator definitions is needed to clarify the independent effects of TCN and TV0−t.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO. Unique Identifier: CRD420261406886; Public registration URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=420261406886.
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