This review looked at how specific breathing practices can affect the body and brain. These methods involve regulating the pace and depth of breaths, especially by focusing on relaxed exhalations. The goal is to influence physiological processes that manage stress.
Researchers found that these techniques may lower heart rate and blood pressure by activating certain pathways in the body. They also noted a shift toward calming signals in the nervous system while reducing activity in brain regions associated with stress. Additionally, controlled breathing may support networks in the brain that help maintain emotional steadiness.
Because this is a narrative review of various studies, it is important to note that some evidence is limited. For example, there is not enough direct data on how breathing affects fluid movement in the human brain. These practices are intended as low-cost additions to care, not as replacements for medical treatment. People with heart disease or panic symptoms should talk to their doctor before starting new routines.
