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Veggie Van mobile produce market model evaluated in lower-income US communities over 12 monthsCan mobile markets bring fresh food to lower-income neighborhoods in the United States?

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Key Takeaway
Note that this protocol describes a process evaluation without reported primary outcomes or safety data.

This study protocol outlines a process evaluation of the Veggie Van (VV) model, an intervention providing mobile produce markets. The target population consists of residents in lower-income communities located in newly launched mobile markets across the United States. The evaluation period spans a 12-month follow-up duration.

The specific secondary outcomes under assessment include fidelity, dose delivered, penetration, maintenance of the VV model, and contextual factors related to implementation. However, the primary outcome and main results are not reported in the provided data. Additionally, no specific sample size is available for this evaluation.

Safety and tolerability data, including adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, and general tolerability, are not reported. The study limitations and funding or conflicts of interest are also not reported. Consequently, the certainty of findings regarding the intervention's impact cannot be determined from this protocol alone.

The practice relevance of this work is that it provides a model for similar community-based interventions to follow. Clinicians and community planners should note that this is a process evaluation protocol without reported quantitative efficacy results or safety data.

Imagine a neighborhood where fresh fruit and vegetables are hard to find. This project looked at a solution: the Veggie Van, a mobile market bringing produce directly to lower-income communities. The team set up these markets in new locations across the United States to see if this approach could work.

During this twelve-month period, the researchers did not measure health changes like weight loss or blood sugar. Instead, they carefully watched how the program operated. They checked if the van stayed on schedule, how much food was actually given to people, and what local conditions made the program easier or harder to run.

No safety problems were reported because the study was about the process, not testing a drug. While we do not know yet if this van will change health outcomes, the results provide a useful blueprint for other community groups wanting to start similar mobile markets.

What this means for you:
This study offers a practical model for launching mobile food markets in lower-income areas.

Study Details

Study typeRct
EvidenceLevel 2
PublishedApr 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Mobile produce markets have become increasingly prevalent throughout the United States, highlighting the need for evidence-based models for markets to follow. The Veggie Van (VV) model is a set of practices that have been found to be efficacious in increasing fruit and vegetable intake in underserved communities. The next step in determining the model’s effectiveness is evaluating the model when implemented on a broader scale under real-world conditions. As part of a multi-state randomized controlled effectiveness trial, the Veggie Van Study, an extensive process evaluation of the implementation of the VV model was conducted. Nine partner organizations agreed to implement the VV model at newly launched mobile markets over a 12-month period. Organizations received funding, training, and technical assistance to support implementation of the model. In addition to facilitating participant recruitment and data collection, partners agreed to participate in implementation-related data collection. Data collection methods include quantitative process measures surveys, qualitative interviews, and mobile market sales data. The main process outcomes are fidelity, dose delivered, penetration, maintenance of the VV model, and contextual factors related to implementation. This extensive mixed-methods process evaluation addresses a gap in the literature for transparent reporting of process evaluations; it also provides a model for similar community-based interventions to follow. Understanding the implementation process and the context surrounding implementation of the VV model is critical for interpreting effectiveness findings (i.e., dietary changes) and optimizing the intervention. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04246593, NCT04246593.
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