Meta-analysis of connectome-based fMRI models shows high diagnostic accuracy in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported disruptions in functional connectivity within brain networks, known as connectomes. Researchers have tested connectomes to see whether they serve as biomarkers for various psychiatric conditions. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of predictive models of connectomes derived from resting-state fMRI in diagnosing obsessive-compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on previous studies assessing the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of connectome-based diagnostic models in obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls. Eight studies were identified, comprising 563 individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 564 healthy controls. The results revealed robust diagnostic performance with a pooled sensitivity of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.779-0.867) and specificity of 0.794 (95% CI: 0.759-0.826). Connectome-based diagnostic models demonstrated excellent clinical utility, with an area under the curve of 87% (95% CI: 84%-90%), and significant predictive power as indicated by positive (4.15) and negative (0.21) likelihood ratios, as well as strong diagnostic odds ratio of 18.69 (95% CI: 11.84-29.49). The results highlight the potential of functional connectome-based predictive modeling as a robust tool for accurately diagnosing obsessive-compulsive disorder, with possibility of future implications for early diagnosis, monitoring treatment-related changes, involving in decision modeling, and understanding the biological mechanisms underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder.