Treatment of Acute HIV With Emtricitabine, Tenofovir and Efavirenz (CID 0805)

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosis of acute HIV infection as defined by protocol.
• The following laboratory parameters verified within 30 days of study entry:
• Bilirubin /= 500cells/mm3
• Platelet count >/= 25,000 cells/mm3
• Hemoglobin >/= 8.5g/dL for men and >/= 8.0 g/dL for women
• Calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault formula) >/= 50mL/min:

CrCl = (140-age) x body weight (kg) (x 0.85 if female)/ Serum creatinine [mg/dL] x (72)

• All women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of bHCG) within 72 hours prior to start of study medication. WOCBP is defined as any female who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone successful surgical sterilization (hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy), who is not postmenopausal (defined as amenorrhea >/=12 consecutive months), or is on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with documented plasma follicle-stimulating hormone level >/=35mLU/mL. Women who are using oral, implanted, or injectable contraceptive hormones or mechanical products such as an intrauterine device or barrier methods (diaphragm, condoms, spermicides) to prevent pregnancy or practicing abstinence or where partner is sterile (e.g., vasectomy), should be considered to be of child bearing potential;
• Be willing to use two effective forms of contraception throughout study. Barrier contraception should always be used in combination with other methods of contraception (oral or other hormonal contraceptives);
• Weigh >/= 40 kg;

Exclusion Criteria

• A life expectancy less than twelve months.
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study drug administration.
• WOCBP who are unwilling or unable to use two acceptable methods to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period
• WOCBP using a prohibited contraceptive method
• Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation of study drugs.
• A clinically important illness not explicitly excluded by the protocol, a physical or psychiatric disability, or a laboratory abnormality that might place the patient at increased risk by being exposed to the medications in this study or which might confound the interpretation of this investigation.
• Proven or suspected acute hepatitis within 30 days prior to study entry (this excludes liver inflammation related to acute HIV infection).
• Intractable diarrhea (>/=6 loose stools/day for at least 7 consecutive days) within 30 days prior to study entry or vomiting lasting more than 4 days within one month prior to dosing (this excludes symptoms attributed to acute HIV infection).
• An active AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or disease (for the purpose of this study, a CD4 count </=200 cells/mm3 in the absence of any other AIDS-defining indicator condition is not considered an AIDS-defining event. AIDS-defining events occurring during the acute HIV infection syndrome period such as Candida esophagitis will be considered on a case-by-case basis and will not be automatically considered exclusionary).
• Inability to communicate effectively with study personnel.
• Current alcohol or recreational drug use which in the investigator's opinion interferes with the subject's ability to comply with dosing schedule and protocol evaluations or increases the risk of developing pancreatitis.
• Incarceration; prisoner recruitment and participation are not permitted.
• Difficulty swallowing capsules/tablets.
• Prior treatment with any other experimental drug for any indication (within 30 days of initiating study treatment).
• Treatment with immune-modulating agents (within 30 days of initiating study treatment) such as cyclosporine and systemic corticosteroids. Routine vaccinations are allowed.
• Therapy with agents with significant systemic neurotoxic pancreotropic or cytotoxic potential within 3 months of study start, o