Everolimus for Children With NF1 Chemotherapy-Refractory Radiographic Progressive Low Grade Gliomas

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosis: All patients must have a radiographically progressive low-grade glioma and at least two of the following diagnostic criteria for NF1, and/or a pathogenic NF1 gene mutation demonstrated in peripheral blood-derived DNA:
• Six or more café-au-lait spots (greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in prepubertal subjects or greater than or equal to 1.5 cm in postpubertal subjects)
• Freckling in the axilla and/or inguinal region
• Plexiform neurofibroma
• Two or more Lisch nodules
• A distinctive bony lesion (dysplasia of the sphenoid bone or dysplasia or thinning of long bone cortex)
• A first-degree relative with NF1
• An optic pathway glioma
• Disease Status: All patients must have radiographically progressive low-grade glioma (including NF1 related visual pathway gliomas) after failure of a carboplatin-containing regimen. Patients with recurrent/progressive disease do not require a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
• Evaluable or Measurable Disease: Patients must have at least one evaluable or measurable site of disease according to criteria described in Section 9. If the patient has had previous radiation to the marker lesion(s), there must be evidence of progression since the radiation.
• Age: Patients must be greater than 1 years and less than or equal to 21 years of age at the time of study entry.
• Performance Level: Karnofsky 50% for patients greater than 10 years of age and Lansky 50% for patients 10 years of age (Appendix I). Note: Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score.
• Prior Therapy
• Patients must have failed or not been able to tolerate a carboplatin-based regimen.
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to entering this study.
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Must not have received within 4 weeks of entry onto this study (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea).
• Hematopoietic growth factors: At least 7 days since the completion of therapy with a growth factor.
• Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): At least 14 days since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 14 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. These patients must be discussed with the Study Chair on a case-by-case basis.
• Investigational Drugs: Patients must not have received an investigational drug within 14 days.
• Steroids: Patients with endocrine deficiencies are allowed to receive physiologic or stress doses of steroids if necessary.
• Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors: Patients may not be currently receiving strong inhibitors of CYP3A4, and may not have received these medications within 1 week prior to study entry. These include:
• Antibiotics: clarithromycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin Anti-HIV agents: delavirdine, nelfinavir, amprenavir, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, lopinavir
• Antifungals: itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole (doses greater than 200 mg/day), voriconazole
• Antidepressants: nefazodone, fluvoxamine Calcium channel blockers: verapamil, diltiazem
• Miscellaneous: amiodarone,
• In addition, grapefruit juice should be avoided, as it inhibits CYP3A4.
• CYP3A4 inducers: Patients must also avoid St. John's Wort, an inducer of CYP3A4
• Enzyme inducing anticonvulsants: Patients may not be taking enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, and may not have received these medications within 1 week prior to study entry, as these patients may experience different drug disposition. These medications include:
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
• Felbamate (Felbatol)
• Phenobarbitol
• Phenytoin (Dilantin)
• Primidone (Mysoline)
• Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
• Radiation therapy (XRT):
• 6 months must have elapsed if the patient has received involved field XRT or gamma knife that includes all targ