Cabazitaxel and Abiraterone Acetate in Patients With Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Inclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma proven histologically or cytologically, resistant to hormone therapy and previously treated with a docetaxel-containing regimen. In Phase 2 part, participants should have been treated with abiraterone acetate for at least 3 months and should continue treatment with abiraterone acetate before study entry
• Presence of metastatic prostate cancer.
• Participant must had progressive disease documented by rising PSA defined as 2 sequential increases above a previous lowest reference value (each PSA value must be obtained at least 1 week apart. A PSA value of at least 6 ng/mL was required at study entry). In Phase 1 part, in addition to rising PSA, progressive disease must be documented by:
• Increase in non-measureable or measurable disease, and/or
• Appearance of new lesions, including those on bone scan (≥2 new lesions on 2 consecutive bone scans if progressive disease diagnosed on bone scan only) consistent with progressive prostate cancer
• Effective castration (serum testosterone levels ≤0.50 ng/mL) by orchiectomy and/or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists /antagonist.
• If the participant had been treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists/antagonist (i.e., without orchiectomy), then this therapy had been initiated at least 4 weeks prior to cycle 1 day 1 and should be continued throughout the study.
• Prior anti-androgen therapy should be stopped before enrollment
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status: 0 - 1.

Exclusion criteria

Previous treatment with mitoxantrone or cabazitaxel.

• Prior bone-seeking radio-isotope therapy (participants treated with Radium223 were not excluded from the study). Radiotherapy to ≥30% of bone marrow.
• Adverse events from any prior anticancer therapy of grade >1 at the time of enrollment.

Prior surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or other anti-cancer therapy within 4 weeks prior to enrollment in the study (except luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist /antagonist and abiraterone acetate in the Phase 2 part of the study); small field single fraction palliative radiation within 1 week.

• Prior malignancy. Curatively treated basal cell or squamous cell skin or superficial (pTis, pTa, and pT1) bladder cancer were allowed, as well as any other cancer for which chemotherapy had been completed ≥ 3 years ago and from which the participant had been disease-free for ≥ 3 years.
• Participation in another clinical trial and any concurrent treatment with any investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrollment.
• Known brain or leptomeningeal metastases.
• Any severe acute or chronic medical condition which could impair the ability of the participant to participate to the study or to comply with the study procedures or interfere with interpretation of study results.
• Other concurrent serious illness or medical conditions
• Absence of signed and dated participant informed consent form prior to enrollment into the study.
• History of hypersensitivity to docetaxel, polysorbate 80
• Known allergies, hypersensitivity or intolerance to prednisone or excipients of abiraterone acetate
• Known history of mineralocorticoid excess or deficiency
• Inadequate organ and bone marrow function
• Contraindications to the use of corticosteroid treatment.
• Symptomatic peripheral neuropathy grade > 1
• Concurrent treatment with strong inducers or strong inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 3A4
• Concurrent treatment with medications metabolized by cytochrome P2D6 (CYP2D6), particularly for those with a small therapeutic window
• History of cardiac arrhythmias requiring medical therapy such as atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation or digoxin/digitalis; uncontrolled angina pectoris. History of congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction within last 6 months was also not allowed.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP ≥160 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 95 mmHg). Participants with a history of hyp