Effect of Prebiotics on the Gut Microbiome Profile and Beta Cell Function

Inclusion Criteria

• Be between 11-17 years of age
• Willing to consume HAMS-AB and follow a diabetic diet
• Diagnosed by American Diabetes Association criteria with T1D in the last 4-36 months
• Random non-fasting C-peptide of 0.17nmol/ml or greater
• Willing to use an effective form of contraception if sexually active
• BMI< 85% for age and sex
• Positive for any one of the following diabetes-related autoantibodies that are tested clinically [insulin autoantibody (if tested within 14 days of diagnosis), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2), or Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8)].

Exclusion Criteria

• Presence of severe, active disease that interferes with dietary intake or requires the use of chronic medication, except for well-controlled hypothyroidism and mild asthma not requiring oral steroids.
• Diabetes other than T1D (Known monogenic forms of diabetes, Type 2 diabetes)
• Chronic illness known to affect glucose metabolism (e.g. Cushing syndrome, polycystic ovarian disorder, cystic fibrosis) or taking medications that affect glucose metabolism (e.g. steroids, metformin)
• Psychiatric impairment or current use of anti-psychotic medication
• Any condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may compromise study participation or may confound the interpretation of the study results.
• Female participants of child-bearing age with reproductive potential, must not be pregnant and agree to use an effective form of birth control or be abstinent during the study period (see below)
• History of recurrent infections
• History of on-going infections or antibiotic treatment within the past three months
• History of immune compromise
• Steroid intake (inhaled or oral)
• Other immunosuppressant use in past 6 months
• History of gastrointestinal disease
• Possible or confirmed celiac disease
• Pregnancy or possible pregnancy
• Allergy to corn (prebiotic)
• Allergy to milk or milk products or soy present in Boost
• Participation in other intervention research trials within the past 3 months
• Anticipate major changes in diabetes management during study (change from injection to pump, new start of continuous glucose monitoring)
• Consuming high fiber or vegetarian diet (consuming three or more servings of high fiber foods on 4 or more days per week) using validated dietary assessments (see below under schedule of events table).
• Taking fiber supplements

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