Pimavanserin for Insomnia In Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Inclusion Criteria

• Meets criteria for current Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as per a total score of ≥33 on the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for PTSD.
• Meets DSM-5 standards of chronic insomnia disorder, as follows: a. Complains of dissatisfaction with nighttime sleep in the form of difficulty falling asleep (subjective sleep onset latency ≥30 minutes), difficulty staying asleep (subjective time awake after sleep onset ≥30 minutes), and/or awakening earlier in the morning (≥30 minutes before scheduled wake time and before a total sleep time of 6.5 hours) than desired. b. Insomnia frequency of ≥3 times per week c. The duration of the insomnia complaint is ≥3 months d. Associated with complaint of daytime impairment.
• Insomnia Severity Index total score ≥15 (moderate insomnia).
• Willing to not start a concurrent behavioral or other treatment program for insomnia, PTSD, or other psychiatric disorders during the participation in the study.
• Women of child-bearing potential who are sexually active agree to use two methods of contraception for the duration of the study and extending to 30 days after the last dose of study drug.

Exclusion Criteria

• Current or a history of a primary psychotic disorder (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective or bipolar disorder)
• Active suicidal or homicidal ideation requiring crisis intervention
• Current moderate or severe alcohol or marijuana use disorder, or other illicit use disorder of any severity
• A history of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury or other neurological illness (i.e., stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis);
• Caffeine use that is deemed excessive and is contributing to the insomnia per the opinion of the investigators (i.e. caffeinated beverages consumed after 18:00 3 times/week or more and/or that correlates with the timing of the insomnia complaints).
• Tobacco use before bedtime that is contributing to the insomnia per the opinion of the investigators or that would interfere with completing an overnight polysomnogram.
• Previous diagnosis of periodic limb movement disorder, restless legs syndrome, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, narcolepsy, Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder, or other sleep disorders (except obstructive sleep apnea) that may confound, per the opinion of the investigators, the assessment of insomnia.
• Previous diagnosis of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (defined as an AHI equal to or greater than 15)
• Participants deemed to be at high risk of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea per the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, and male Gender questionnaire (STOP-BANG). Subjects with a STOP-BANG score of 5 or greater, or STOP score of 2 or greater plus body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2 or male or neck circumference greater than 40 cm, are considered to be high-risk. These participants can re-enter the study following adherence to therapy for 1-month and if inclusion and exclusion criteria are still met.
• Participants identified as having moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea during the screening polysomnogram. These participants will be referred to clinical treatment
• Periodic limb movement arousal index 15 or greater or other sleep disorders captured during the screening polysomnogram that may confound, per the opinion of the investigators, the assessment and treatment of insomnia
• A prolonged QT interval, corrected for heart rate (QTc), at the screening electrocardiogram. A prolonged QTc is defined as 470 milliseconds for males and 480 milliseconds for females.
• Engagement in an evidence-based psychotherapy for 1-week prior to enrollment that in the opinion of the investigators, may confound the assessment of insomnia
• Current evidence of clinically significant cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, hepatic, and/or chronic pain that in the o