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Phase 3 N=899 Randomized Triple-blind Treatment

Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Study of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Tolebrutinib (SAR442168) (GEMINI 2)

Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Enrolled (actual)
899
Serious AEs
9.6%
Results posted
Jun 2025
Primary outcome: Primary: Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) as Assessed by Confirmed Protocol-defined Adjudicated Relapses — 0.109; 0.108 relapses per participant year — p=0.9758

Study Design & Population

Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Interventions
Tolebrutinib (Drug); Teriflunomide HMR1726 (Drug); Placebo to match Tolebrutinib (Drug); Placebo to match Teriflunomide (Drug)
Age
Adult · 18+ yrs
Sex
All
Sponsor
Sanofi
Primary completion
Jul 2024

Outcome Measures

OutcomeResultp-value
PRIMARY
Annualized Relapse Rate (ARR) as Assessed by Confirmed Protocol-defined Adjudicated Relapses
0.109; 0.108 0.9758
SECONDARY
Time to Onset of 6-Month Confirmed Disability Worsening as Assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale
12.14; 15.12 0.0114 sig
SECONDARY
Time to Onset of 3-Month Confirmed Disability Worsening as Assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale
12.11; 12.11 0.0181 sig
SECONDARY
Mean Number of New and/or Enlarging T2-Hyperintense Lesions Per Year
4.369; 5.092 0.2362
SECONDARY
Mean Number of New Gadolinium-Enhancing T1-Hyperintense Lesions Per Scan
0.217; 0.460 <0.0001 sig
SECONDARY
Change From Baseline in Cognitive Function as Assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at EOS
0.428; 0.374 0.3100
SECONDARY
Change From Baseline in Cognitive Function as Assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition (CVLT-II) at EOS
16.431; 15.819 0.5235
SECONDARY
Time to Onset of 6-Month Confirmed Disability Improvement (CDI) as Assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale
12.05; 9.04 0.0079 sig
SECONDARY
Percent Change in Brain Volume Loss at EOS Compared to Month 6
-0.740; -0.696 0.4266
SECONDARY
Change From Baseline in Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQoL-54) Questionnaire Score at EOS
-1.040; -1.199; -1.657; -1.390
SECONDARY
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Treatment-emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs), TEAEs Leading to Permanent Study Intervention Discontinuation and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs)
387; 385; 37; 49; 17; 19
SECONDARY
Change From Baseline in Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Serum Chitinase-3 Like Protein-1 (Chi3L1) Levels at EOS
-0.900; -0.150; -281.100; 1462.500
SECONDARY
Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels at EOS
-0.590; 0.140; -0.160; -0.320

Summary

Primary Objective: To assess efficacy of daily SAR442168 compared to a daily dose of 14 mg teriflunomide (Aubagio) measured by annualized adjudicated relapse rate (ARR) in participants with relapsing forms of MS Secondary Objective: To assess efficacy of SAR442168 compared to teriflunomide (Aubagio) on disability progression, MRI lesions, cognitive performance and quality of life To evaluate the safety and tolerability of daily SAR442168 To evaluate pharmacodynamics (PD) of SAR442168

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion criteria

  • The participant must be 18 to 55 years of age, inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent
  • The participant must have been diagnosed with RMS according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria
  • The participant has an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score ≤5.5 at the first Screening Visit
  • The participant must have at least 1 of the following prior to screening:
  • ≥1 documented relapse within the previous year OR
  • ≥2 documented relapses within the previous 2 years, OR
  • ≥1 documented Gd enhancing lesion on an MRI scan within the previous year
  • Contraceptive use by men or women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies
  • Male participants are eligible to participate if they agree to the following during the intervention period and until accelerated elimination procedure:
  • Refrain from donating sperm

Plus either:

  • Be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent OR
  • Must agree to use contraception/barrier as detailed below
  • Agree to use a male condom and should also be advised of the benefit for a female partner to use a highly effective method of contraception as a condom may break or leak when having sexual intercourse with a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who is not currently pregnant
  • A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions apply:
  • Is not a WOCBP OR
  • Is a WOCBP and agrees to use a contraceptive method that is highly effective (with a failure rate of <1% per year), preferably with low user dependency during the intervention period and until accelerated elimination procedure is completed (or for at least 10 days after the last dose of SAR442168, if the case was unblinded) and agrees not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes) for the purpose of reproduction during the study and for the same period of time.
  • A WOCBP must have a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test at screening and within 24hours before the first dose of study intervention.
  • If a urine test cannot be confirmed as negative (eg, an ambiguous result), a serum pregnancy test is required. In such cases, the participant must be excluded from participation if the serum pregnancy result is positive.
  • The Investigator is responsible for review of medical history, menstrual history, and recent sexual activity to decrease the risk for inclusion of a woman with an early undetected pregnancy.
  • The participant must have given written informed consent prior to undertaking any study related procedure. This includes consent to comply with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol. In countries where the legal age of maturity is greater than 18 years, a specific ICF for such legally minor participants must also be signed by the participant's legally authorized representative

Exclusion criteria

  • The participant has been diagnosed with primary progressive multiplesclerosis (PPMS) according to the 2017 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria or with nonrelapsing secondary progressive multiplesclerosis (SPMS)
  • The participant has a history of infection or may be at risk for infection including but not limited to: HIV, transplantation, live attenuated vaccines, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C, any persistent chronic or active recurring infection
  • Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities (including evidence of liver injury) or electrocardiogram abnormalities at Screening.
  • The participant has conditions or situations that would adversely affect participation in this study, including but not limited to:
  • A short life expectancy due to pre-existing health condition(s) as determined by their treating neuro
View full record on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04410991). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.

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