N/A N=10 Randomized Treatment

Pain Rehabilitation Virtual Reality (PRVR): Innovations to Enhance Mobility in the Presence of Pain

Chronic Pain · Musculoskeletal Pain · Fibromyalgia · Virtual Reality

Bottom Line

View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04636177 ↗

Enrolled (actual)

Serious AEs

0.0%

Results posted

Nov 2025

Primary outcome: Primary: VR Duration of Use Per Week — 30.5; 17.0 Minutes per week

Study Design & Population

Study type: Interventional
Phase: N/A
Interventions: Pain Rehabilitation Virtual Reality (PRVR) (Behavioral); Standard Physiotherapy Rehabilitation (SPR) (Behavioral)
Age: Pediatric · 10+ yrs
Sex: All
Sponsor: Stanford University
Primary completion: Dec 2024

Outcome Measures

Outcome	Result	p-value
PRIMARY VR Duration of Use Per Week	30.5; 17.0	—
PRIMARY Participant Rated Ease of Use	13; 0; 6; 3; 4; 0	—
PRIMARY Participant Rated Enjoyment	5; 0; 10; 0; 5; 3	—
SECONDARY Pain-related Fear and Avoidance	21.00; 18.00; 15.84; 17.5; 15.58; 22.00	—
SECONDARY Physical Function: Lower Extremity	54.64; 46.83; 63.24; 57.75; 66.76; 71.50	—
SECONDARY Physical Function: Upper Extremity	64.07; 69.83; 67.48; 75.75; 72.40; 78.00	—

Summary

The proposed research is a single arm feasibility trial of pain rehabilitation virtual reality (PRVR) aimed at measuring feasibility, acceptability and utility of VR as well as changes in physical function and fear for adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The intervention includes standard physiotherapy treatment including functional goal setting and progressive exercise.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

10 to 17 years old
Musculoskeletal pain (e.g. localized [back, limb], diffuse) not due to acute trauma (e.g. active sprain or fracture)
English Language Proficiency

Exclusion Criteria

Significant cognitive impairment (e.g., brain injury)
Significant medical or psychiatric problem that would interfere (e.g. psychosis, suicidality)
Presents with a condition that interferes with virtual reality usage (e.g., history of seizure, facial injury precluding safe placement of headset, visual impairment, significant hearing impairment impact ability to follow audio instructions).

View full record on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04636177). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.