Evaluating an Analogy-Based Consultation Approach for Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients

The goal of this retrospective interventional study is to learn whether a new consultation approach called M2-PRIME can help improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes who use insulin and have high blood sugar levels (HbA1c more than 8.5%). The main questions are: 1. Does using M2-PRIME during consultations help lower HbA1c (3-month average blood sugar level)? 2. Does using M2-PRIME help lower fasting blood sugar (FBS, morning blood sugar)? In this study, participants received their regular diabetes care at the Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) clinic, which runs once a week. Two primary healthcare providers (PHPs) trained in the M2-PRIME framework provided the consultations. During each visit, PHPs used M2-PRIME to: 1. Build rapport and review the participant's health and lifestyle, 2. Give simple advice about food, activity, and insulin use, 3. Use the "Garbage and Lorry" analogy to explain how the body handles sugar, 4. Educate regarding insulin self-adjustment and monitoring 5. Adjust insulin doses when needed Each participant had three consultations over six months. Their HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were measured at the start and after six months to see if their blood sugar control improved.