Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Type 2 Diabetes

Part of Diabetes

Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 77

331 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Type 2 Diabetes

346 trials tracked for Type 2 Diabetes: 156 in phase 3 or 4 and 64 with published results. The most-cited published study has 737 citations.

346Trials tracked
156Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
64With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 62 Phase 3 94 Phase 2 32 Phase 1 14 Other / NA 144
  1. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight Completed · 737 cited
  2. Phase 3 A Study Comparing Dulaglutide With Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Moderate or Severe Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Completed · 648 cited
  3. Phase 3 Add-on to Thiazolidinedione (TZD) Failures Completed · 408 cited
  4. Phase 3 A Pilot Study of BMS-512148 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 363 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Versus Placebo in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin Completed · 343 cited
  6. Phase 3 An Efficacy & Safety Study of BMS-512148 in Combination With Metformin Extended Release Tablets Completed · 315 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/ Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Compared to Insulin Glargine Alone and Lixisenatide Alone on Top of Metformin in Patients With T2DM Completed · 271 cited
  2. Phase 4 A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Long-term Treatment With BELVIQ (Lorcaserin HCl) on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Obese and Overweight Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease or Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors Completed · 265 cited
  3. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 259 cited
  4. Phase 4 Effect of Liraglutide on Epicardial Fat in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 245 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Compared to Dulaglutide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 220 cited
  6. Phase 4 An Investigation Into The Anti-hypertensive And Potential Anti-inflammatory Actions Of Dapagliflozin Completed · 196 cited
  7. Phase 3 RISE Pediatric Medication Study Completed · 176 cited
  8. Phase 4 Sitagliptin Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 167 cited
  9. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Triple Therapy to Treat Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 152 cited
  10. Phase 3 A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 149 cited
  11. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Versus Insulin Lispro (U100) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine (U100) With or Without Metformin Completed · 144 cited
  12. Phase 4 FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR (FLAT-SUGAR) Completed · 134 cited
  13. Phase 4 The Effect of Liraglutide Treatment on Postprandial Chylomicron and VLDL Kinetics, Liver Fat and de Novo Lipogenesis Completed · 131 cited
  14. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Versus Insulin Glulisine on Top of Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 131 cited
  15. Phase 3 A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise Alone Completed · 107 cited
  16. Phase 4 The INDORSE Study: Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Outcomes on Renal Sodium Excretion Completed · 104 cited
  17. Phase 4 Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Statin Induced Type 2 Diabetes, and Integrative Personal Omics Profiling Completed · 102 cited
  18. Phase 3 Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW) Completed · 102 cited
  19. Phase 4 Glargine Dosing in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency Completed · 101 cited
  20. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin With or Without Sulfonylurea (SURPASS-AP-Combo) Completed · 100 cited
  21. Phase 3 Vitamin D for Established Type 2 Diabetes (DDM2) Completed · 97 cited
  22. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Saxagliptin in Triple Therapy to Treat Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 86 cited
  23. Phase 4 Exenatide Inpatient Trial: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide (Byetta®) Therapy for the Inpatient Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 85 cited
  24. Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Aged 10-24 Years Completed · 84 cited
  25. Phase 3 Evaluation of Evolocumab (AMG 145) Efficacy in Diabetic Adults With Hypercholesterolemia/Mixed Dyslipidemia Completed · 71 cited
  26. Phase 4 Effects of Metformin on Hepatic FFA Metabolism Completed · 64 cited
  27. Phase 4 Myocardial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Completed · 63 cited
  28. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared to Degludec in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Starting Basal Insulin for the First Time Completed · 57 cited
  29. Phase 4 Liraglutide and Peripheral Artery Disease Completed · 56 cited
  30. Phase 3 Effect of Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 53 cited
  31. Phase 4 Effect of Saxagliptin on EPCs as a Cellular Biomarker for Evaluating Endothelial Dysfunction in Early T2DM Patients Completed · 51 cited
  32. Phase 4 The Health Influences of Puberty (HIP) Study Completed · 47 cited
  33. Phase 4 Glargine U300 Hospital Trial Completed · 47 cited
  34. Phase 4 Linagliptin's Effect on CD34+ Stem Cells Completed · 46 cited
  35. Phase 3 RISE Adult Medication Study Completed · 45 cited
  36. Phase 3 Study to Assess the Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 44 cited
  37. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Versus Placebo on Top of Basal Insulin and/or Oral Antidiabetic Treatment in Older Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 39 cited
  38. Phase 4 Effect of Pentoxifylline on Proteinuria in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients Completed · 38 cited
  39. Phase 4 Examination of the Anti-inflammatory and Insulin Sensitizing Properties of Doxycycline in Humans Completed · 36 cited
  40. Phase 3 Study to Assess Safety & Efficacy of Sitagliptin as Initial Oral Therapy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pediatric Participants. (MK-0431-083) Completed · 32 cited
  41. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared to Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Starting Basal Insulin for the First Time (QWINT-1) Completed · 31 cited
  42. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) Compared With Insulin Degludec in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Currently Treated With Basal Insulin Completed · 29 cited
  43. Phase 3 A Study of Insulin Efsitora Alfa (LY3209590) as a Weekly Basal Insulin Compared to Insulin Glargine in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes on Multiple Daily Injections Completed · 26 cited
  44. Phase 4 Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100 for Management of Hospitalized and Discharged Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 25 cited

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 346 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Type 2 Diabetes: what the trials found

Orforglipron demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels from baseline, with a reported reduction of -1.59 to -1.26 across study arms (p<0.001) 2. This treatment also significantly improved the proportion of patients achieving target HbA1c values below 7.0% and 6.5% 2.

Lorcaserin hydrochloride was shown to significantly reduce HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM at baseline (p<0.0001) 22. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the development or worsening of FDA-defined valvulopathy 22.

Subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation showed a statistically significant association between improvements in oral health (specifically probing depth) and improvements in systemic health (HbA1c) 1. However, it did not show a significant impact on oral health measures alone or an association with flow-mediated dilation 1.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • T2.coach was associated with lower mean HbA1c values compared to control groups (p=0.0085) 5.
  • A CGM-based titration algorithm in DiAs significantly improved Time in Range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) and reduced Time Above 10.0 mmol/L (p=0.001) 16.
  • The DASH4D diet was associated with significant improvements in Systolic Blood Pressure (p<0.001) 6.
  • Multi-Caregiving Intervention showed a mean reduction in HbA1c of 0.53 to 0.57 over 6 months 9.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Orforglipron is an established option for reducing HbA1c and achieving glycemic targets 2.
  • Lorcaserin hydrochloride provides significant reduction in HbA1c in patients with T2DM 22.
  • Oral health improvements (via subgingival chlorhexidine) are significantly associated with improved systemic HbA1c levels 1.

AI synthesis of 7 cited trials, updated Jun 21, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Type 2 Diabetes: current evidence & treatments

Multiple pharmacological interventions show efficacy in type 2 diabetes management. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce all-cause mortality in heart transplant recipients 1 and provide robust prognostic benefits in heart failure 4, but increase diabetic ketoacidosis risk, especially with elevated HbA1c 22. GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce cognitive decline 8 and show no increased ocular disorder risk 17, while semaglutide reduces kidney decline or death in chronic kidney disease 6. Metformin is associated with higher lactate concentrations during exercise 5, and paternal use shows no increased risk of major congenital malformations 23. Thiazolidinediones show lower hepatocellular carcinoma risk compared to other classes 21, and GLP-1RAs show lower risk of serious liver events versus DPP-4 inhibitors 18.

Lifestyle and behavioral interventions are effective. Resistance training reduces HbA1c by 0.62% and systolic blood pressure by 3.91 mmHg 24. Multicomponent behavioral interventions achieve sustained HbA1c reduction of 1.84% at 12-36 months 25. Eating later in the biological day is associated with impaired glucose regulation 14. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring improves HbA1c versus self-monitoring 19. Metabolic subtypes identify Japanese adults with prediabetes at different T2D risk 13. Preoperative comorbidities like type 2 diabetes are linked to reduced weight loss after bariatric surgery 7.

Genetic and molecular studies reveal insights into diabetes pathophysiology. Transcriptomic analysis identifies 337 high-confidence T2D-associated genes in pancreatic islets 3. A multi-ancestry meta-analysis identifies 37 loci linked to gestational diabetes, 7 novel 15. AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction shows promise but bias and lack of diversity limit clinical use 16. Case reports highlight rare adverse effects: voglibose may cause leukopenia 10, and single-incision sleeve plus bypass shows short-term safety in 3 patients 2.

Key drugs in the evidence

semaglutide 28 SGLT2 inhibitors 26 metformin 21 GLP-1 receptor agonists 20 dapagliflozin 18 tirzepatide 11 DPP-4 inhibitors 9 dulaglutide 7 liraglutide 7 insulin 7

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 21 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.

Research across Diabetes

Related studies from across the Diabetes family.

Clopidogrel monotherapy reduces MACCE risk in patients with diabetes compared to aspirin monotherapy
Cardiology RCT
Clopidogrel monotherapy reduces MACCE risk in patients with diabetes compared to aspirin monotherapy Trial shows clopidogrel lowers heart risks for patients with diabetes
This multicenter randomized controlled trial of 5,506 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention found that clopidogrel monot…
A new analysis shows that clopidogrel may be more effective than aspirin at preventing heart attacks and strokes in patients with diabetes.
Diabetes increases risk of target vessel failure and adverse events during percutaneous coronary intervention
Cardiology RCT
Diabetes increases risk of target vessel failure and adverse events during percutaneous coronary intervention Trial shows higher risks for patients with diabetes after heart procedures
Researchers evaluated the impact of diabetes on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention, comparing optical coherence tomograph…
Patients with diabetes face higher risks of heart complications after certain procedures, even when using advanced imaging technology.
Fragmented patient-reported outcome measures currently characterize the clinical landscape of type 3c diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Fragmented patient-reported outcome measures currently characterize the clinical landscape of type 3c diabetes Mapping how patients experience life with type 3c diabetes
This scoping review of 40 reports maps standardized patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adults with type 3c diabetes. Findings indi…
Living with type 3c diabetes after a total pancreatectomy often impacts physical function and general health, but more consistent tracking i…
Metabolomics profiling identifies amino acid and lipid metabolism alterations in patients with diabetes mellitus
Nutrition & Obesity Medicine Meta-analysis
Metabolomics profiling identifies amino acid and lipid metabolism alterations in patients with diabetes mellitus Metabolomics Profiling Identifies Key Markers for Diabetes Management
This systematic review of 188 studies examines metabolomics profiling to identify metabolite signatures associated with diabetes and glucose…
New research highlights how metabolomics can identify specific patterns in amino acids and lipids to help manage and predict diabetes outcom…
CABG reduces all-cause death and repeat revascularisation risk in patients with diabetes and CKD
Cardiology RCT
CABG reduces all-cause death and repeat revascularisation risk in patients with diabetes and CKD CABG Shows Lower Risk for Patients with Diabetes and CKD
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 10594 patients with multivessel coronary disease and multiple long-term conditions found CABG fa…
Surgery may offer better outcomes than other procedures for patients with heart disease who also have diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
T1D MAPS polygenic score improves discrimination in non-EUR populations compared to T1D GRS2
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
T1D MAPS polygenic score improves discrimination in non-EUR populations compared to T1D GRS2 New genetic scores improve risk prediction for type 1 diabetes
This meta-analysis evaluates the predictive performance of multiple polygenic scores for Type 1 Diabetes. The T1D MAPS score demonstrated si…
A new genetic scoring system shows better accuracy in predicting type 1 diabetes risk for people of diverse backgrounds.
Only 10% of Chinese adults with diabetes demonstrate good practices for diabetic foot care
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Only 10% of Chinese adults with diabetes demonstrate good practices for diabetic foot care Most people with diabetes lack good foot care practices
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 6,124 Chinese adults with diabetes identifies significant gaps in foot care knowledge and practi…
A large study of over 6,000 people shows that while many have positive attitudes toward foot care, very few actually perform good daily prac…
Depressive disorder in patients with diabetes increases all-cause mortality and metabolic complications
Psychiatry Meta-analysis
Depressive disorder in patients with diabetes increases all-cause mortality and metabolic complications Depression Linked to Higher Mortality Risk in People with Diabetes
This meta-analysis of patients with diabetes and co-occurring depressive disorder found a 1.30 increased risk of all-cause mortality compare…
People with both diabetes and depression may face a higher risk of death and serious health complications compared to those with diabetes al…
Clopidogrel monotherapy reduces bleeding risk to 2.1% versus 3.2% in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Diabetes & Endocrinology RCT
Clopidogrel monotherapy reduces bleeding risk to 2.1% versus 3.2% in patients with acute coronary syndromes Trial shows clopidogrel alone reduces bleeding risk after heart procedures
This prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving 7758 patients with acute coronary syndromes found that clopid…
Patients with heart conditions may face fewer bleeding risks by switching to clopidogrel alone after a period of dual therapy.
Exercise training increases circulating s-Klotho levels in adults with CKD and sarcopenia
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Exercise training increases circulating s-Klotho levels in adults with CKD and sarcopenia Exercise Training Increases Klotho Levels in People with Kidney Disease
This meta-analysis of 893 participants evaluated the impact of various exercise modalities on s-Klotho and FGF23 levels. The analysis found …
Regular exercise training, including resistance and high-intensity intervals, may increase Klotho levels in adults with kidney disease and d…
Functional creams and urea-containing formulations significantly reduce xerosis severity in patients with diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Functional creams and urea-containing formulations significantly reduce xerosis severity in patients with diabetes Functional creams with urea improve dry skin in people with diabetes
This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of functional creams versus standard base formulations for treating foot xerosis in adults with di…
Specialized creams containing urea can significantly improve dry skin and hydration for adults living with diabetes.
rs741301 polymorphism is associated with reduced susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in meta-analysis
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
rs741301 polymorphism is associated with reduced susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in meta-analysis Genetic Marker Linked to Lower Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease
This meta-analysis of 880 individuals with diabetes mellitus and 1008 individuals with diabetic nephropathy found that the rs741301 polymorp…
A specific genetic variation, known as the rs741301 polymorphism, may be linked to a lower risk of developing kidney damage in people with d…

Questions about Type 2 Diabetes

Do GLP-1RAs help improve walking distance for those with diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease?

Yes, GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide) improve walking distance in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease, based on a 2025 meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Full answer →
What common genes link Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and type 2 diabetes according to recent studies?

Recent studies link PCOS and type 2 diabetes through shared genetic variants, notably the insulin gene VNTR and epigenetic changes in metabolism-related genes.

Full answer →
What are the standard treatment options available for someone with Type 2 Diabetes?

Standard treatment for type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes (diet, exercise), metformin, other medications like GLP-1 agonists (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide), and sometimes insulin, along with monitoring blood sugar and managing cardiovascular risk.

Full answer →
What are the best lifestyle changes to manage Type 2 Diabetes effectively?

A Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, weight loss, and digital health tools can effectively manage type 2 diabetes, with medication support as needed.

Full answer →

All Type 2 Diabetes Articles