Review explores mitochondrial transfer mechanisms in immune microenvironment remodeling across diseases

This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms and potential roles of intercellular mitochondrial transfer in remodeling immune microenvironments. The review covers diverse physiological and pathological contexts including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, though specific study populations, sample sizes, and clinical settings are not reported. No specific interventions, comparators, or primary outcomes are detailed, as this is a review of concepts rather than a report of original clinical trial data.

The main conceptual finding is that mitochondrial transfer occurs through mechanisms including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, and gap junctions. This transfer may reshape immune niches by influencing metabolic fitness, redox balance, inflammatory tone, and immune cell interactions. No quantitative results, effect sizes, statistical measures, or direction of effects are reported, as the review focuses on summarizing mechanisms from emerging evidence.

Safety and tolerability data are not reported. The review acknowledges its limitations as a conceptual summary that does not present primary clinical data, patient outcomes, or quantitative effect measures. No causal claims from primary human studies are presented. The practice relevance is not specified, and clinicians should interpret this as a mechanistic overview of an emerging research area rather than evidence supporting specific clinical applications.