Narrative review discusses extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases
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Key Takeaway
Note technical bottlenecks and standardization challenges limit current clinical translation of EV biomarkers.
This narrative review evaluates the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers for cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The scope of the article covers the current state of EV research across these three major disease categories without reporting specific sample sizes or population details.
The authors highlight technical bottlenecks in current EV isolation, characterization, and detection methodologies. These technical issues present significant hurdles for the reliable use of EVs in clinical settings. The review does not report specific primary or secondary outcomes, nor does it provide pooled effect sizes or adverse event data.
The authors also note challenges related to standardization and clinical translation of these biomarkers. These limitations suggest that while EVs show promise, their routine clinical application remains constrained by methodological inconsistencies. The review does not provide specific practice recommendations or certainty notes regarding the readiness of these biomarkers for widespread adoption.
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View Original Abstract ↓
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by living cells and ubiquitously present in body fluids. They carry molecular cargo-including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids-that accurately mirrors the physiological and pathological state of their parent cells, offering a highly promising novel source of biomarkers for liquid biopsy. This review systematically summarizes the progress in biomarker discovery and application of EVs in major diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. It provides an in-depth analysis of the key technical bottlenecks in current EV isolation, characterization, and detection methodologies, and discusses the challenges related to standardization and clinical translation. Finally, the review outlines the broad future prospects in this field, including integrated multi-omics analysis based on EVs, and their potential for early diagnosis, real-time therapeutic monitoring, and prognostic assessment.
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