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Rural Ugandan adolescents show higher prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health than urban peersRural Ugandan adolescents show higher heart health than urban peers

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Key Takeaway
Note that rural adolescents in Uganda show significantly higher rates of ideal cardiovascular health than urban peers.

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1,316 Ugandan adolescents across urban (Kampala) and rural (Jinja) districts to assess the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH). CVH was defined as meeting 5-7 of the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metrics.

The overall prevalence of ideal CVH among the study population was 66.8% (95% CI: 64.2% - 69.3%). A significant difference in prevalence was observed between settings (p<0.001), with rural areas showing a higher prevalence of 74.4% (95% CI: 70.9% - 77.7%) compared to 59.6% (95% CI: 55.8%-63.2%) in urban settings.

Regarding demographic factors, males showed higher odds of ideal CVH than females in both rural (aOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.05-2.29) and urban (aOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.38-2.63) settings. Conversely, higher education levels and increasing age were associated with lower odds of ideal CVH.

Safety data were not reported. The study's cross-sectional design means results indicate associations rather than causality. These findings highlight how urbanization and demographic factors may influence early cardiovascular health markers in adolescent populations.

How this fits prior evidence

How this fits prior evidence: This finding addresses a gap in understanding the baseline cardiovascular health of pediatric and adolescent populations in developing regions. While previous coverage noted that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk, this study provides specific data on the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in Ugandan adolescents, highlighting how environment and demographics influence these outcomes.

Heart health is often something we think about as a problem for older adults, but it starts much earlier. Researchers looked at the heart health of over 1,300 teenagers in Uganda to see who was meeting specific goals for ideal cardiovascular health. These goals include factors like physical activity and other lifestyle habits.

The study found that nearly 67% of all adolescents surveyed had good heart health markers. However, there was a clear difference based on where they lived. Teens in the rural district of Jinja showed much higher rates of healthy hearts compared to those in the urban city of Kampala.

Other factors also played a role. In both settings, boys were more likely to have ideal heart health than girls. Interestingly, as age and education levels increased, the odds of having ideal heart health actually went down. Because this was a cross-sectional study, it shows a snapshot in time rather than how these habits change over many years.

What this means for you:
Rural Ugandan teenagers show higher rates of good heart health compared to their urban peers.

Common questions

Who was included in this study?

The study looked at 1,316 adolescents living in both urban and rural districts of Uganda. This group helped researchers understand how location and other factors like age or sex affect heart health markers early in life.

What is the difference between rural and urban results?

The study found a significant difference between locations. In the rural area of Jinja, 74.4% of teens had ideal cardiovascular health. In the urban area of Kampala, that number was lower, at 59.6%.

Did gender or age affect heart health results?

In both rural and urban areas, males had higher odds of having ideal heart health than females. However, the study also found that as age and education levels increased, the odds of having ideal heart health went down.

Study Details

Study typeRct
Sample sizen = 1,316
EvidenceLevel 2
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors often emerge during adolescence and track into adulthood, yet data on cardiovascular health (CVH) in sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of ideal CVH among Ugandan adolescents. Methods: We analysed baseline data of adolescents enrolled in a cluster-randomised controlled trial being conducted in urban (Kampala) and rural (Jinja) districts of Uganda. In this study, Ideal CVH was defined as meeting "ideal" status of 5-7 of the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metrics. Random-effects logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with ideal CVH, accounting for village-level clustering. Results: We recruited 1316 participants with a mean age of 13.2 years, of whom 58.1% were female. Overall, the prevalence of ideal CVH was 66.8% (95% CI: 64.2% - 69.3%). The prevalence was higher in Jinja (74.4%, 95%CI: 70.9% - 77.7%) than Kampala (59.6%, 95%CI: 55.8%-63.2%) and the difference was evident (p<0.001). Male adolescents had higher odds of ideal CVH than females in both rural (aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.05-2.29) and urban (aOR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.38-2.63) settings. Increasing age and higher education level were associated with lower odds of ideal CVH in both settings, likely reflecting age-related behavioural changes. Conclusion: More than half of Ugandan adolescents have ideal CVH, with disparities by sex, age, and urbanisation. These findings suggest that cardiovascular health declines during adolescence and highlight the need for early, targeted interventions, particularly among female and urban adolescents.
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