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Coronary CT angiography identifies complex anatomy in a 76-year-old patient with late adult ALCAPARare heart defect found in 76-year-old man

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Key Takeaway
Note that CTA provides detailed anatomical mapping for individualized management of late adult ALCAPA cases.

This case report and literature review describes a 76-year-old man presenting with an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). The authors utilize coronary CT angiography to define complex anatomy, identifying a markedly dilated and tortuous right coronary artery with extensive collateral circulation and a calcium score of 941.74 Agatston units.

Echocardiography showed mild chamber enlargement and preserved left ventricular systolic function without typical resting segmental wall-motion abnormalities. The report highlights the tension between standard guideline-based surgical recommendations for ALCAPA and individualized conservative management in elderly patients who present with stable cardiac function.

The authors note that formal stress testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were not performed during the index admission. This case illustrates the diagnostic value of CTA in defining anatomy but does not provide evidence that conservative treatment is generally safe or appropriate for all adult ALCAPA patients; it was an individualized decision based on specific clinical presentation.

How this fits prior evidence

This report addresses a gap in the management of rare congenital heart defects in elderly populations. While no prior coverage exists regarding anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, the case highlights how advanced imaging like CTA can inform surgical versus conservative decisions in complex anatomy.

Imagine living 76 years with a heart condition you never knew about. That's what happened to one man, and his story offers a fascinating look at how modern imaging can uncover hidden problems.

Doctors used a special CT scan, called coronary CT angiography, to get a detailed picture of his heart. They found a rare birth defect: his left main coronary artery, the vessel that feeds blood to part of the heart muscle, was attached to the pulmonary artery instead of the aorta. This condition, known as ALCAPA, usually causes problems in infancy, but this man had survived to his 70s.

The scan also showed that his right coronary artery had grown large and twisted, and his body had built extra blood vessels to compensate. His calcium score, a measure of plaque in the arteries, was 941.74 Agatston units, which is quite high. An echocardiogram showed his heart's main pumping chamber was working normally, though there were some mild changes.

Because the man was older and his heart function was preserved, the doctors chose not to do surgery. Instead, they recommended regular follow-up. This case highlights a real dilemma: guidelines often suggest surgery for ALCAPA, but for some elderly patients, a more personalized approach might make sense.

It's important to note that this is just one person's story. The doctors didn't perform some additional tests, like a stress test or MRI, during the hospital stay. So we can't draw broad conclusions about the best treatment for everyone with this condition. But it does show how CT scans can help doctors make tough decisions, especially in older adults.

What this means for you:
A 76-year-old man's rare heart defect was found by CT scan, and he chose conservative care.

Common questions

What is ALCAPA?

ALCAPA stands for anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. It's a rare birth defect where the left coronary artery, which supplies blood to the heart, is connected to the pulmonary artery instead of the aorta. This can lead to heart problems, but some people, like the man in this case, live into old age without knowing they have it.

How was the heart defect found in this case?

Doctors used a special CT scan called coronary CT angiography (CTA). This imaging test gives a detailed picture of the heart's blood vessels. In this 76-year-old man, the CTA showed the left main coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk, along with a dilated right coronary artery and extensive collateral circulation.

What treatment did the man receive?

The man did not have surgery. Instead, the doctors chose an individualized conservative approach, meaning they recommended regular follow-up rather than an operation. This decision was based on his age and the fact that his heart's pumping function was still normal, as seen on an echocardiogram.

Is conservative treatment safe for ALCAPA?

This case does not prove that conservative treatment is generally safe for all adults with ALCAPA. It was an individualized decision for this 76-year-old man, who had preserved ventricular function. The doctors also noted that some tests, like stress testing and MRI, were not done during the hospital stay, so more research is needed.

Study Details

Study typeGuideline
EvidenceLevel 5
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), also known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly with an incidence of approximately 1 in 300,000 live births, accounting for 0.25%–0.5% of all congenital heart diseases. Without surgical correction, approximately 90% of affected infants die within the first year of life due to myocardial ischemia and heart failure. However, a small subset of patients with well-developed collateral circulation may survive into adulthood without marked symptoms. We report an incidentally diagnosed case of ALCAPA in a 76-year-old man who was admitted for benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary retention and underwent cardiovascular evaluation before non-cardiac surgery. Electrocardiography showed sinus bradycardia and complete right bundle branch block, and ambulatory celectrocardiography documented frequent supraventricular premature beats and short supraventricular tachycardia runs without significant ST-T abnormalities. Echocardiography showed a dilated right coronary artery, a suspected coronary fistula, mild chamber enlargement, preserved left ventricular systolic function, and no typical resting segmental wall-motion abnormality. Coronary CT angiography (CTA), performed after cardiology consultation, demonstrated the left main coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk, a markedly dilated and tortuous right coronary artery, extensive collateral circulation among the right coronary artery, left coronary system, and bronchial arteries, and a high coronary artery calcium score of 941.74 Agatston units. Cardiac enzymes were not elevated, but formal stress testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were not performed during the index admission. The management decision was therefore framed as individualized conservative follow-up rather than evidence that conservative treatment is generally safe in adult ALCAPA. This case illustrates the diagnostic value of CTA for defining coronary anatomy in late adult ALCAPA, the need for functional ischemia and scar assessment when feasible, and the therapeutic tension between guideline-based surgical recommendations and individualized decision-making in elderly patients with preserved resting ventricular function.
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