Bile acid modifications and microbiota interventions show promise for metabolic and digestive diseases in preclinical models

This narrative review explores the potential of bile acid modifications, microbiota interventions, and BA-targeted therapies across metabolic, digestive, hepatobiliary, and neoplastic diseases. The scope covers various conditions but relies heavily on preclinical evidence rather than human trials. The authors highlight that most of the findings discussed in this review are derived from preclinical studies in vitro and animal models. This reliance limits the ability to draw firm conclusions about efficacy in patients. The review does not report specific sample sizes, adverse events, or primary outcomes for human populations. Instead, it focuses on the biological plausibility and mechanistic insights gained from laboratory research. The authors suggest that these preclinical results warrant further study before widespread adoption. Current evidence is insufficient to support routine clinical use outside of research settings. The review calls for accelerating the translation of BA-based interventions into clinical practice while acknowledging the current lack of human data. Clinicians should interpret these findings with caution until robust clinical trials are conducted.