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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection associated with persistent hormonal changes and symptom resolution in young male students.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection associated with persistent hormonal changes and symptom resolution…
Photo by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases / Unsplash
Key Takeaway
Note potential long-term hormonal changes after Omicron BA.2 infection in young males, but interpret cautiously due to study limitations.

This prospective cohort study enrolled 71 young male university students following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection. The comparator was a 3-month post-infection convalescent reference point, with follow-up extending to 24 months. The primary outcome assessed longitudinal changes in reproductive, thyroid, and adrenal hormones, while secondary outcomes included persistent symptoms.

The study observed that persistent symptoms decreased from 11.3% at 3 months to 4.3% at 24 months. Testosterone levels remained stable throughout the follow-up period, with all P values greater than 0.05. In contrast, prolactin declined progressively from 22.55 ng/mL to 14.73 ng/mL at 24 months. Estradiol decreased at all follow-up points (P < 0.0001), while FSH and TSH showed continuous, progressive increases (P < 0.001).

Thyroid hormones TT4 and FT4 exhibited biphasic fluctuations, and ACTH and cortisol generally declined after 6 months (P < 0.0001). No adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, or specific tolerability data were reported. The study limitations include a small sample size, lack of a concurrent control group, and unreported p-values for several outcomes, which restricts the ability to draw definitive causal conclusions.

These results highlight potential hormonal sequelae following Omicron BA.2 infection in young males. However, the observational design and specific demographic focus mean these findings may not apply to other populations or infection variants. Clinicians should interpret these hormonal shifts cautiously until validated in larger, controlled studies.

Study Details

Study typeCohort
EvidenceLevel 3
PublishedMar 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal changes and temporal patterns of reproductive, thyroid, and adrenal hormones in young males following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection, using a 3-month post-infection convalescent reference point.MethodsA prospective cohort of 71 young male university students with confirmed Omicron BA.2 infection was followed for 24 months. Fasting blood samples were collected at 3 (early convalescent reference), 6, 12, and 24 months post-infection. Serum levels of 15 hormones across the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), thyroid (HPT), and adrenal (HPA) axes were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were utilized to assess longitudinal changes over time. Persistent symptoms were recorded at each visit.ResultsAt the 3-month post-infection convalescent reference point, 8 of 71 participants (11.3%) reported mild persistent symptoms, which decreased to 4.3% by 24 months. Testosterone remained stable throughout the follow-up (all P > 0.05). Relative to the 3-month reference, prolactin declined progressively from an initially elevated mean of 22.55 ng/mL to 14.73 ng/mL at 24 months, gradually normalizing within the clinical reference range (4.04–15.2 ng/mL). Estradiol decreased at all follow-up points (P < 0.0001), while FSH and TSH demonstrated continuous, progressive increases (P < 0.001). TT4 and FT4 showed biphasic fluctuations. Adrenal markers (ACTH, cortisol) generally declined after 6 months (P < 0.0001). Ultimately, most mean hormone values remained within normal clinical reference ranges.ConclusionAmong young males, testosterone remained robustly stable over two years following Omicron BA.2 infection, while other endocrine markers displayed measurable longitudinal dynamics relative to the 3-month post-infection convalescent reference point. These findings highlight temporal post-infection patterns rather than definitive endocrine injury. While routine extensive endocrine screening may not be necessary for asymptomatic young males, targeted evaluation is recommended for individuals with persistent symptoms.
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