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Hyperuricemia affects 22% of type 2 diabetes patients in global meta-analysisType 2 Diabetes Linked to Higher Risk of Gout

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Key Takeaway
Consider routine uric acid screening in type 2 diabetes given 22% hyperuricemia prevalence.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from observational studies involving 977,573 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout. The pooled prevalence of HUA was 22.0% (95% CI: 20.1-24.0%, 95% PI: 4.9-39.2%), and the pooled prevalence of gout was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4-7.5%).

Risk factors for HUA included impaired renal function, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and alcohol consumption. Elevated HbA1c showed an inverse association with HUA. Male sex was identified as a risk factor for gout.

Limitations were not reported in the source, but the authors note that the findings are based on observational data, indicating associations rather than causation. The wide prediction interval for HUA prevalence suggests substantial heterogeneity across studies.

Practice relevance: The authors recommend routine serum uric acid monitoring and early screening for high-risk individuals in the clinical management of T2DM. However, clinicians should interpret these results cautiously given the observational nature of the evidence.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis confirms and extends prior coverage by quantifying the prevalence of hyperuricemia (22.0%) and gout (6.0%) in type 2 diabetes, adding epidemiological context to earlier mechanistic findings on the gut-joint axis and m6A modifications in gout. It also complements prior reports on metformin-associated lactate and eating timing by identifying additional metabolic risk factors (obesity, dyslipidemia) that may compound glucose dysregulation.

Researchers analyzed data from nearly one million people with type 2 diabetes. They looked for links between the condition and hyperuricemia, which is a high level of uric acid in the blood, as well as gout, a painful form of arthritis.

The study found that about 22 percent of patients with type 2 diabetes had high uric acid levels. Additionally, about 6 percent of these patients were found to have gout. The researchers identified several factors linked to high uric acid, including obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired kidney function. For those specifically diagnosed with gout, being male was a noted risk factor.

Because this study used observational data, it shows an association rather than a direct cause. However, the findings suggest that doctors may want to monitor uric acid levels more closely in patients with type 2 diabetes. This could help identify people at risk for gout earlier.

What this means for you:
People with type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of high uric acid and gout, especially those with other health risks.

Common questions

How common is high uric acid in people with type 2 diabetes?

The study found that approximately 22.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had hyperuricemia, which is the medical term for high uric acid levels in the blood.

What are the risk factors for gout in this group?

The research identified that being male was a specific risk factor for gout among those with type 2 diabetes. Other factors like obesity and hypertension were linked to high uric acid levels.

Why is it important to monitor uric acid in diabetic patients?

Because of the link between these conditions, doctors may use regular monitoring to identify high-risk individuals early. This helps manage both the diabetes and the risk of gout more effectively.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide. hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout are common comorbidities in T2DM patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of HUA and gout in patients with T2DM and to identify associated risk factors.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify observational studies on HUA/gout in patients with T2DM. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the AHRQ Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 software. A random-effects model was used to pool prevalence estimates, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.ResultsEighty-seven studies comprising 977,573 T2DM patients were included. The pooled prevalence of HUA was 22.0% (95% CI: 20.1-24.0%, 95% PI: 4.9-39.2%), and that of gout was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4-7.5%). Meta-regression identified geographic region as a significant source of heterogeneity, with the highest HUA prevalence in Africa and North America, and lowest in South America. Risk factors for HUA included impaired renal function, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and alcohol consumption, while elevated HbA1c was inversely associated with HUA. Male sex was a significant risk factor for gout.ConclusionThe prevalence of HUA and gout is significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in the general population. Impaired renal function, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, MetS, and alcohol consumption are the primary risk factors. Routine serum uric acid monitoring and early screening for high-risk individuals should be incorporated into the clinical management of T2DM.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261359583, identifier CRD420261359583.
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