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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Part of Type 2 Diabetes

62 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

1160 trials tracked for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 618 in phase 3 or 4 and 215 with published results. The most-cited published study has 15405 citations.

1,160Trials tracked
618Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
215With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 189 Phase 3 429 Phase 2 167 Phase 1 125 Other / NA 250
  1. Phase 3 Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Added to Insulin Monotherapy or to Insulin Combined With Metformin in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycaemic Control Completed · 15,405 cited
  2. Phase 3 Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results Completed · 7,395 cited
  3. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes With Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 6,709 cited
  4. Phase 3 Sitagliptin Cardiovascular Outcomes Study (MK-0431-082) Completed · 2,593 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 1,960 cited
  6. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Not Controlled With Diet and Exercise Alone Completed · 1,007 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 4 University of Texas H.S.C. San Antonio Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Trial (UTHSCSA NASH Trial) Completed · 991 cited
  2. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Completed · 766 cited
  3. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo in Drug-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 718 cited
  4. Phase 3 Glycemic Efficacy and Renal Safety Study of Dapagliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Moderate Renal Impairment Completed · 647 cited
  5. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Liraglutide and Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 585 cited
  6. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 581 cited
  7. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events Completed · 568 cited
  8. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin Once-daily as add-on to Metformin and/or TZD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 478 cited
  9. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Diet and Exercise Only Completed · 473 cited
  10. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily as add-on to Metformin With or Without Sulphonylurea in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 447 cited
  11. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 447 cited
  12. Phase 3 Research Study Comparing a New Medicine Semaglutide to Liraglutide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 410 cited
  13. Phase 3 Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 402 cited
  14. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-on to Basal Insulin Alone or Basal Insulin in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 397 cited
  15. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-on to SGLT-2i in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 369 cited
  16. Phase 3 Dual Action of Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes: A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide, Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 363 cited
  17. Phase 3 A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 362 cited
  18. Phase 4 VERIFY:A Study to Compare Combination Regimen With Vildagliptin & Metformin Versus Metformin in Treatment-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 355 cited
  19. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Compared to Metformin Alone, in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 350 cited
  20. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Completed · 342 cited
  21. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Once a Week Versus Insulin Glargine Once a Day in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Increased Cardiovascular Risk Completed · 339 cited
  22. Phase 3 A Heart Disease Study of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 327 cited
  23. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Canagliflozin as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 293 cited
  24. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Basal Insulin Completed · 285 cited
  25. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin Completed · 283 cited
  26. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Using a Flexible Dose Adjustment Based on Clinical Evaluation Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Completed · 275 cited
  27. Phase 3 A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 263 cited
  28. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 254 cited
  29. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Basal Insulin +/- Sulfonylurea (GETGOAL-L-ASIA) Completed · 253 cited
  30. Phase 4 SGLT2 Inhibition in Combination With Diuretics in Heart Failure Completed · 252 cited
  31. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide Versus Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin Completed · 251 cited
  32. Phase 3 24-week Treatment With Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin and Insulin Glargine Completed · 251 cited
  33. Phase 4 Effects of Dapagliflozin 10 mg on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 248 cited
  34. Phase 4 Holding vs. Continuing Incretin-based Therapies Before Upper Endoscopy Completed · 242 cited
  35. Phase 3 Dose-response, Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo and Versus Liraglutide, All as Monotherapy in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 224 cited
  36. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine, With or Without OADs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 220 cited
  37. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation in Monotherapy Completed · 218 cited
  38. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 217 cited
  39. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide Both in Combination With One OAD (Oral Antidiabetic Drug) in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 210 cited
  40. Phase 4 Efficacy and Safety of Toujeo® Versus Tresiba® in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drug(s) ± GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Completed · 199 cited
  41. Phase 3 A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Blood Glucose Level and Renal Safety in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 192 cited
  42. Phase 3 A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 191 cited
  43. Phase 3 A Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Ertugliflozin In Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Inadequate Glycemic Control On Metformin Monotherapy (MK-8835-007). Completed · 190 cited
  44. Phase 3 A Clinical Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Basal-bolus Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 188 cited

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 1,160 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: what the trials found

Semaglutide treatment was associated with significant reductions in body weight (ranging from -4.0% to -13.5%; p<0.0001) and a high proportion of participants achieving at least a 5% reduction in body weight (p<0.0001) 2. In addition, Semaglutide was associated with improvements in treatment satisfaction scores (DTSQc) and significant reductions in daily insulin doses for some patients 6.

Semaglutide did not show statistically significant changes in kidney oxygenation (Cortex or Medulla) or global kidney perfusion 3. Insulin Icodec was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c (-1.23; p<0.0001) and recorded 13 instances of clinically significant hypoglycemia 5.

Testosterone gel was associated with measurable changes in bone strength as determined by Finite Element Analysis (p<0.05) 1.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • NNC0480-0389 was associated with significant reductions in HbA1c (-1.1 to -2.3; p<0.0001), body weight (-4.3% to -13%; p<0.0001), and stable total cholesterol levels 8.
  • Dietary interventions were associated with significant improvements in glycemic control as measured by blood sugar values (p<0.001) 12, while the DASH4D diet was associated with significant changes in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) 13.
  • The FUSION closed-loop glucose control system showed 97.25% of glucose values within the target range of 70-180 mg/dL 17.
  • An initial insulin dosing calculator was associated with a significant reduction in clinical hyperglycemia (p=0.0005) 16.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Semaglutide demonstrates consistent efficacy in weight reduction and improving patient treatment satisfaction while reducing insulin requirements.
  • Insulin Icodec is associated with significant HbA1c reduction, though clinical monitoring for hypoglycemia is noted.
  • NNC0480-0389 shows promise for concurrent management of HbA1c and body weight.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions including specific diets (DASH4D) and technology-based systems show measurable impacts on blood pressure and glycemic range maintenance.

AI synthesis of 10 cited trials, updated Jun 19, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.

Research across Type 2 Diabetes

Related studies from across the Type 2 Diabetes family.

Proposed pathway for systematic MASLD/MASH assessment in type 2 diabetes
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Proposed pathway for systematic MASLD/MASH assessment in type 2 diabetes New Pathway Proposed to Manage Liver Disease in Diabetes Patients
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OSAS not significantly tied to diabetic retinopathy overall, but risk doubles in Asian subgroups
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
OSAS not significantly tied to diabetic retinopathy overall, but risk doubles in Asian subgroups Sleep Apnea Link to Diabetic Retinopathy Varies by Region
This meta-analysis of 599,405 patients with type 2 diabetes found no significant overall association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrom…
New data suggests that the link between sleep apnea and eye damage in people with type 2 diabetes depends on location and testing methods.
Oral-health promotion improves outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes when guidance is provided
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Oral-health promotion improves outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes when guidance is provided Oral health care is often missed in type 2 diabetes management
This scoping review of 9 peer-reviewed studies examines oral-health promotion and prevention in adults with type 2 diabetes. The authors fin…
Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know their oral health is at risk, and doctors often provide inconsistent guidance on how to manage …
SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists show similar MACE reduction in type 2 diabetes
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SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists show similar MACE reduction in type 2 diabetes Trial shows similar heart benefits for two diabetes medications
This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for major adverse cardiovascular even…
Two common types of diabetes drugs both show significant reductions in major heart events for patients with a history of heart attacks.
Incretin-based weight loss lower in type 2 diabetes trials, but confounded by demographics
Nutrition & Obesity Medicine Meta-analysis
Incretin-based weight loss lower in type 2 diabetes trials, but confounded by demographics Weight loss with incretin drugs may depend on patient profile
This meta-regression found that placebo-adjusted weight loss with incretin-based therapies was significantly lower in type 2 diabetes trials…
People with type 2 diabetes may lose less weight on incretin drugs, but it's likely due to other health factors, not diabetes itself.
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among African patients with Type 2 Diabetes and higher HbA1c
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among African patients with Type 2 Diabetes and higher HbA1c Vitamin D Deficiency Linked to Higher Blood Sugar in Diabetes
This meta-analysis of observational studies across 11 African countries found a 51% prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in individuals with T…
A large study of patients across 11 African countries found that vitamin D deficiency is linked to higher blood sugar levels in people with …
GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide provide cardiovascular benefits across multiple clinical scenarios
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide provide cardiovascular benefits across multiple clinical scenarios Incretin Drugs Show Heart Benefits Across Multiple Conditions
This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence regarding incretin analogues, specifically GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide. The re…
GLP-1 drugs and tirzepatide prove heart benefits in diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and more.
Bibliometric Analysis Mapping the Evolution of Stem Cell Therapies for Diabetes Management
Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Sys. Review
Bibliometric Analysis Mapping the Evolution of Stem Cell Therapies for Diabetes Management Mapping the Growth and Trends of Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes Research
A comprehensive review of 1,600 publications maps the evolution of stem cell and exosome therapies for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Scientists analyzed thousands of papers to track how stem cell treatments for diabetes have evolved over the last thirty years.
Exercise ameliorates both type 1 and type 2 diabetes through multiple mechanisms
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Exercise ameliorates both type 1 and type 2 diabetes through multiple mechanisms Exercise Helps Manage Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
This narrative review summarizes how exercise improves glycemic control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes through various mechanisms. Exerc…
Regular exercise serves as an affordable, low-risk way to help manage symptoms and complications for people living with both types of diabet…
Liraglutide reduces stroke recurrence from 18.1% to 5.8% in patients with high insulin resistance
Neurology RCT
Liraglutide reduces stroke recurrence from 18.1% to 5.8% in patients with high insulin resistance Liraglutide reduces stroke risk for patients with insulin resistance
This post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial involved 510 patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic att…
A new analysis shows that the medication liraglutide significantly lowers stroke and vascular event risks for people with type 2 diabetes an…
Dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone reduces HbA1c by 0.49% and improves liver fat content in T2DM
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone reduces HbA1c by 0.49% and improves liver fat content in T2DM Combination Therapy Shows Promise for Diabetes and Liver Health
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 1411 patients found that dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone significantly improved glycemic control…
A combination of two medications may improve blood sugar levels and reduce liver fat in adults living with type 2 diabetes.
Orforglipron Demonstrates Superior Glycaemic Control Over Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology RCT
Orforglipron Demonstrates Superior Glycaemic Control Over Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes New oral medication shows better blood sugar control for diabetes
Phase 3 data shows orforglipron significantly outperforms dapagliflozin in HbA1c reduction for adults with inadequate glycaemic control.
A new oral treatment, orforglipron, showed significantly greater reductions in HbA1c levels compared to dapagliflozin for adults with type 2…

Questions about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Does a higher nutritional risk index lower osteoporosis risk in women with Type 2 Diabetes?

Yes, a higher Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is linked to lower osteoporosis risk in women with type 2 diabetes, based on multiple studies.

Full answer →
Which glucose-lowering therapies work best for heart failure and Type 2 Diabetes?

SGLT-2 inhibitors (like empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) are the most effective glucose-lowering therapies for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, reducing hospitalizations and cardiovascular death.

Full answer →

All Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Articles