Magnesium oxide results in modest, non-significant HbA1c reduction in Type 2 DiabetesMagnesium oxide shows mixed results for managing Type 2 Diabetes

BackgroundThis randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial with intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Adults (≥18 years) with T2DM were randomized 1:1 to receive magnesium oxide (500 mg; 302 mg elemental) or placebo. Eligibility criteria included a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥7.0% and a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min. Simple randomization was performed using a sealed-envelope method. Biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and at three follow-up visits over 12 months.ResultsA total of 247 participants were included in the ITT analysis (Mg-oxide, n=118; placebo, n=129). Median age was 58 (50–65) years, and median diabetes duration was 16 (10–22) years. Hypomagnesemia was present in 7.3% by ionized magnesium (iMg) and 8.1% by total magnesium (tMg). Mg-oxide supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose in a subgroup of the cohort (FBG; p = 0.039) and resulted in a modest, non-significant reduction in HbA1c (−0.30% vs. −0.05%; p = 0.145), with a higher proportion achieving goal attainment/controlled HbA1c (