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Scuba-diving and mindfulness program reduces emotional eating in adults with obesity in small trialScuba diving and mindfulness program reduced emotional eating in small obesity study

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Key Takeaway
Consider preliminary evidence that a combined diving-mindfulness program may reduce emotional eating in obesity, but confirm with larger trials.

A randomized controlled trial in Montpellier, France, assigned 63 adults with obesity (median BMI 35.46 kg/m², median age 46 years, 55 female) to either a 2-month Bathysmed® program (therapeutic scuba-diving with mindfulness exercises) plus standard care, or to stand-alone standard care (dietary and psychological support). The primary outcome was change in emotional eating score on the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) at 2 months.

At 2 months, the intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction in DEBQ-EE scores (mean change -0.82, SD 0.81) compared to the control group (mean change -0.27, SD 0.61), with a p-value of 0.004. The study reported that this effect was maintained at 5- and 8-month follow-ups, though exact numbers were not provided. Secondary outcomes of weight self-stigma, stress, and quality of life also showed significant changes favoring the intervention group, but effect sizes and absolute numbers were not reported.

Safety and tolerability data were not reported, with one participant excluded from each group. The main limitation is that the trial was unblinded, introducing potential bias. The sample size was small (n=63), and the primary follow-up period was short (2 months). The authors suggest health policies should integrate physical activity and psychological therapies for obesity management. Given the limitations, these results are preliminary and require replication in larger, blinded trials with longer follow-up to assess sustained benefits and generalizability.

Researchers in France tested whether adding a special program to standard care could help adults with obesity manage emotional eating. The program, called Bathysmed®, combined therapeutic scuba diving with mindfulness exercises over two months. They compared it to standard care alone, which included dietary and psychological support. The study involved 63 adults, mostly women with a median age of 46 and a median BMI of 35.46.

At the end of the two-month program, people who did the diving and mindfulness activities reported a significantly greater reduction in their emotional eating scores than those who received only standard care. The study also found that the program helped reduce feelings of weight-related stigma and stress, and improved quality of life. These positive changes were still present when researchers checked again at five and eight months.

No safety concerns or serious adverse events were reported in the study, though one person from each group was excluded from the final analysis. The main reason to be careful with these results is that the study was small and not blinded, meaning both participants and researchers knew who was in which group. This can sometimes influence how people report their feelings and behaviors.

Readers should view this as promising early evidence that combining physical activity like diving with psychological techniques might help with emotional eating. However, it's too soon to know if this approach would work for everyone or lead to long-term weight changes. Larger, more rigorous studies are needed before this could become a widely recommended treatment option.

What this means for you:
A small study found a diving and mindfulness program helped reduce emotional eating, but more research is needed to confirm the results.

Study Details

Study typeRct
Sample sizen = 63
EvidenceLevel 2
Follow-up2.0 mo
PublishedJan 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Emotional eating is considered as a mediator between depression and obesity. Combining mindfulness and sport activities can improve obesity-related psychological disorders but inconsistencies in effect and duration have been reported. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined mindfulness-diving Bathysmed® program on emotional eating scores in participants with obesity. METHODS: This unblinded randomized controlled trial was performed in the community setting, Montpellier, France. Adults with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned (1:1) to a Bathysmed® 2-month program (intervention group) therapeutic scuba-diving protocol with mindfulness exercises plus standard care, or stand-alone standard care including dietary and psychological support (control group). The primary outcome was the mean change in the emotional eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-EE) at 2-months as intention to treat. FINDINGS: Between July-August 2022, 63 participants were randomised, with 31 in the intervention group. One participant from each group were excluded. Fifty-five (87·3%) were female, median age 46 [35.5;54] and BMI 35.46 [33.45;39.48]. There was a statistically significant reduction of DEBQ-EE at 2 months in the intervention group (-0·82 (SD 0·81)) versus control group (-0·27 (SD 0·61) p = 0·004). This effect was maintained at 5 and 8-month follow up. There was a significant reduction in weight self-stigma, stress, and quality of life change scores in the intervention group. INTERPRETATION: This combined diving and mindfulness program effectively reduces emotional eating, self-stigma and quality of life scores in participants with obesity, with sustained benefits. Health policies should integrate physical activity and psychological therapies for obesity management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials NCT06882200.
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