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Menstrual cycle phase does not affect PONV risk in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeryMenstrual cycle phase does not affect surgery nausea and vomiting

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Key Takeaway
Note that menstrual cycle phase does not significantly impact PONV risk in premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

This retrospective cohort analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of menstrual cycle phase on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in 240 premenopausal women with regular menstrual cycles undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. The study compared outcomes between non-luteal and luteal phases.

For the primary outcome of PONV during the 0 to 24 h post-surgery period, no significant difference was found between the non-luteal (44.5%) and luteal (47.1%) groups. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 0.62 to 1.95, P = 0.735). Secondary outcomes, including PONV, nausea, emetic episodes, and the requirement for postoperative antiemetic medications during the 25 to 120 h post-surgery period, also showed no significant differences between the groups.

Additional analyses of the surgery-to-ovulation interval and specific cycle phases (follicular, ovulatory, or luteal) showed no significant associations with clinical outcomes. Safety data and tolerability were not reported. A primary limitation of this study is that it is a retrospective analysis of a prospective trial. Clinical evidence suggests that menstrual cycle phase does not appear to influence the occurrence of PONV within 0 to 24 h or 25 to 120 h after laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery in premenopausal women.

Surgery can be a scary experience, and many patients worry about the side effects. One common concern for women is whether their menstrual cycle affects how they feel after a procedure. Specifically, many wonder if the timing of their cycle makes them more prone to nausea and vomiting following surgery.

Researchers looked at 240 premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. They compared women in the non-luteal phase of their cycle to those in the luteal phase. The goal was to see if the timing of their cycle changed the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during the first 24 hours or the following 25 to 120 hours after surgery.

The results showed no significant difference between the two groups. Whether a woman was in the non-luteal or luteal phase, the rates of nausea, vomiting, and the need for extra medication were similar. This suggests that the timing of the menstrual cycle does not impact these specific recovery symptoms for these patients.

What this means for you:
A woman's menstrual cycle phase does not change the risk of nausea or vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.

Common questions

Does my menstrual cycle affect how much I vomit after surgery?

No, the study of 240 women found no significant difference in nausea or vomiting between those in the non-luteal phase and those in the luteal phase. The risk remained similar regardless of where they were in their cycle during the first 24 hours or the following 25 to 120 hours after surgery.

Does the timing of my cycle affect the need for extra medicine?

The study found no significant differences between the groups regarding the need for postoperative antiemetic medications. This means the amount of medicine needed to control nausea and vomiting did not change based on the woman's menstrual cycle phase.

Does the time between surgery and ovulation matter for recovery?

The researchers found no significant association between the interval from surgery to ovulation and the outcomes of nausea or vomiting. The specific phase of the cycle, including the follicular, ovulatory, or luteal phases, did not show a significant link to these symptoms.

Study Details

Study typeRct
EvidenceLevel 2
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the menstrual cycle phase on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of premenopausal women with regular menstrual cycles who underwent laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery from a prospective randomized controlled trial. Menstrual history was used to determine the surgery-to-ovulation interval and then the cycle phase (non-luteal or luteal). The primary outcome was PONV during 0–24 h post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included PONV during 25–120 h post-surgery and the incidence of nausea, emetic episodes, and postoperative antiemetic medications across both timeframes. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the association between the surgery-to-ovulation interval and outcomes, as well as the association between the cycle phase (follicular, ovulatory, or luteal) and outcomes. A total of 240 women were enrolled, with 119 in the non-luteal phase and 121 in the luteal phase. The incidence of PONV between the non-luteal and luteal groups was not significantly different during 0–24 h post-surgery [44.5% vs. 47.1%, adjusted odds ratio 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 0.62–1.95), adjusted P = 0.735]. There were no significant differences in PONV, nausea, emetic episodes, or postoperative antiemetic medications between groups during 0–24 and 25–120 h after surgery. Sensitivity analyses showed no significant association between surgery-to-ovulation interval and outcomes, nor between the cycle phase (follicular, ovulatory, or luteal) and outcomes. The menstrual cycle phase did not affect the occurrence of PONV either within 0–24 h or 25–120 h after laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery in premenopausal women.
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