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Ibuprofen overdose linked to bronchial ulceration in pediatric case, network toxicology flags IL-17 and AGE-RAGE pathwaysIbuprofen overdose linked to lung tissue damage in child

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Key Takeaway
Interpret this single pediatric case as hypothesis-generating only.

This publication is a case report combined with network toxicology, not a controlled study. It describes a single pediatric patient who developed bronchial ulceration after a 360 mg/kg ibuprofen overdose. The overdose amount is far above usual pediatric dosing.

Bronchoscopy showed multiple well-demarcated ulcers with pseudomembranes. The IL-6 level was elevated at 1050.0 pg/mL. Network toxicology identified 120 shared targets, with TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta as hub genes. KEGG enrichment predicted involvement of the IL-17 and AGE-RAGE pathways.

The authors list the case report design as a limitation. Follow-up, comparator, and practice relevance were not reported. Funding and conflicts were not reported.

The findings are associative and come from a single case. They do not establish that ibuprofen overdose causes bronchial ulceration, nor do they confirm IL-17 or AGE-RAGE pathway involvement in humans. Clinicians should interpret the mechanistic predictions as hypothesis-generating only.

How this fits prior evidence

Prior coverage has addressed ibuprofen in pediatric populations, including its approval for fever and minor aches in children 2 years and older with weight-based dosing and NSAID risk warnings, and its use for pain freedom in pediatric migraine. This case report extends that safety discussion by describing bronchial ulceration after a 360 mg/kg ibuprofen overdose, a presentation not covered in those prior items. The network toxicology predictions of IL-17 and AGE-RAGE pathway involvement are new and not corroborated by prior coverage. The findings remain associative from a single case.

Imagine the shock of a common over-the-counter pain reliever causing severe internal damage. In one case, a pediatric patient took a massive dose of ibuprofen, totaling 360 mg/kg. This led to the discovery of multiple well-defined ulcers and membranes in the child's bronchial tubes, which are the airways that carry air into the lungs.

Testing showed the child's body was fighting significant inflammation. Their IL-6 levels, a marker for inflammation, were measured at 1050.0 pg/mL. Further analysis of the drug's impact suggested it may have involved specific biological pathways, such as the IL-17 and AGE-RAGE pathways, which are involved in how the body responds to injury.

Because this finding comes from a single case report, it is important to remember that this is one specific instance. While it highlights a serious risk of high-dose ibuprofen, the data is not enough to establish a broad rule for every patient. Always talk to a doctor about safe dosages for children.

What this means for you:
A high dose of ibuprofen in a child caused severe lung tissue damage and high inflammation levels.

Common questions

What happened to the child's lungs?

The child experienced bronchial ulceration after taking a 360 mg/kg dose of ibuprofen. A bronchoscopy, which is a procedure to look inside the airways, revealed multiple well-demarcated ulcers with pseudomembranes in the bronchial tubes.

What did the blood tests show?

The child's IL-6 levels were measured at 1050.0 pg/mL. This is an elevated level of a protein that the body produces during an inflammatory response. The study also identified 120 shared targets in a network toxicology analysis.

Is this a common side effect of ibuprofen?

This finding comes from a single case report, meaning it describes one specific patient. Because it is only one case, it is not enough to say this happens often, but it highlights a serious risk associated with a very high dose.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundIbuprofen overdose is commonly associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity; however, severe respiratory complications such as bronchial ulceration are rarely reported, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of bronchial ulceration induced by an extreme ibuprofen overdose in a pediatric patient by integrating clinical observation with network toxicology-based computational predictions.MethodsWe report a pediatric case of bronchial ulceration following a 360 mg/kg ibuprofen overdose, supplemented by a systematic literature review. Network toxicology (shared target identification, PPI network, GO/KEGG enrichment), molecular docking, and ADME prediction were performed.ResultsBronchoscopy on day 14 revealed multiple well-demarcated ulcers with pseudomembranes and markedly elevated IL-6 (1050.0 pg/mL). Network toxicology identified 120 shared targets, with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β as hub genes. KEGG enrichment computationally predicted involvement of the IL-17 and AGE-RAGE pathways. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities (
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