Sepsis survivors face high readmission, mortality, and long-term impairments

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 76 observational studies examined long-term outcomes in adult sepsis survivors after hospital discharge. The analysis revealed that readmission rates at 1 year were 44%, and mortality increased over time, reaching 15% at 1 month and 42.3% at 5 years. Cognitive, physical, and psychological impairments persisted for months to years or followed fluctuating recovery trajectories. Health-related quality of life was generally diminished after discharge, with only transient improvement between 6 months and 1 year. A substantial proportion of survivors experienced persistent limitations in social functioning.

The findings underscore the substantial burden of post-sepsis morbidity. The high rates of readmission and mortality highlight the need for sustained follow-up and more individualized post-discharge management strategies. The persistent impairments across multiple domains suggest that sepsis survivors require comprehensive, multidisciplinary care beyond the acute phase.

As these data come from observational studies, associations should not be interpreted as causation. Nonetheless, the consistent pattern across a large body of evidence supports the need for improved long-term care pathways for sepsis survivors. Future research should focus on interventions to mitigate these adverse outcomes and identify patients at highest risk.