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HBsAg prevalence 9.98% in Cameroon, higher-risk groups 12.70%New data reveals high rates of Hepatitis B in Cameroon

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Key Takeaway
Consider the high HBsAg prevalence in Cameroon (9.98%) when planning screening and intervention programs.

This meta-analysis, based on 100 studies from 92 papers, synthesizes hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence data across general and subpopulations in Cameroon. The primary outcome was HBsAg prevalence, with secondary outcomes focusing on lower-risk and higher-risk populations.

The pooled overall HBsAg prevalence was 9.98% (95% CI 9.00-11.02). In lower-risk populations, prevalence was 8.94% (95% CI 7.84-10.11), while in higher-risk populations it reached 12.70% (95% CI 10.28-15.32). These estimates indicate a substantial burden of chronic HBV infection in the country.

The authors highlight the need for interventions, particularly for males and high-prevalence regions. However, the analysis is limited by high heterogeneity (I² = 98.10%), which suggests considerable variability among studies and warrants cautious interpretation of the pooled estimates.

In practice, these findings support strengthening HBV screening and vaccination programs in Cameroon, with attention to higher-risk groups. The high prevalence underscores the importance of public health strategies to reduce transmission and disease progression.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis provides a contemporary prevalence estimate for hepatitis B in Cameroon, complementing prior coverage on HBV management. The overall HBsAg prevalence of 9.98% reinforces the ongoing high burden of HBV, aligning with prior findings that emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring and treatment strategies. The higher prevalence in high-risk populations (12.70%) echoes earlier concerns about HBV reactivation risks in specific groups, such as those on JAK inhibitors. These data support the integrated management approaches highlighted in prior coverage, including the dual-axis framework for HBV and metabolic disease.

Living with Hepatitis B can have serious long-term effects on health. New data from a large review of 100 studies shows that the virus is common in Cameroon. Specifically, about 10 percent of the population tests positive for the Hepatitis B surface antigen, which is a marker that someone has the virus.

Researchers looked closely at different groups and found that the numbers vary. People in lower-risk groups had a prevalence of about 9 percent. However, the rate jumped to nearly 13 percent in higher-risk groups. These findings highlight how much the virus spreads in certain areas and among specific groups, like men.

While the data is clear about how many people are infected, the study notes a lot of variety in how the data was collected across the different papers. This variety makes it harder to compare every single study perfectly, but the overall message is clear: there is a significant need for more health actions and interventions to reach those at highest risk.

What this means for you:
Nearly 10 percent of people in Cameroon have Hepatitis B, with higher rates in high-risk groups.

Common questions

How common is Hepatitis B in Cameroon?

The study found that about 9.98 percent of the population in Cameroon tests positive for the Hepatitis B surface antigen. This means roughly 10 out of every 100 people have the virus.

Are some groups at higher risk for Hepatitis B?

Yes, the data shows different rates for different groups. While lower-risk populations had a prevalence of 8.94 percent, higher-risk populations showed a higher rate of 12.70 percent.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem, and many regions of Sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected, including Cameroon, where prevalence has previously been shown to be high. This study aimed to provide up-to-date estimates of HBV prevalence in Cameroon. We searched Medline, Global Health, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Africa Index Medicus and the Journal of Health Science and Disease at the University of Yaounde. We included studies reporting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the general population and subpopulations. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates of HBsAg prevalence, overall and for population subgroups including those considered at relatively higher-risk and relatively lower-risk of HBV infection. Heterogeneity was assessed using the index of heterogeneity (I). Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Out of 1236 records, 92 papers with 100 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall prevalence of HBV in Cameroon was 9.98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.00-11.02) with high heterogeneity (I = 98.10%). The prevalences for relatively lower-risk and higher-risk populations were8.94% (95% CI 7.84-10.11) and 12.70% (95% CI 10.28-15.32), respectively. In subgroup analyses, we found that sex, geographical area (regions), population risk groups and study design were the main sources of heterogeneity. Overall, HBV prevalence remains high in Cameroon. Our findings suggest an urgent need for health interventions to halt the spread of the disease, with particular attention needed for males and regions with the highest prevalence.
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