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Crohn's disease patients exhibit reduced fungal alpha diversity compared to healthy controlsLower fungal diversity found in people with Crohn's disease

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Key Takeaway
Note that Crohn's disease is associated with reduced fungal alpha diversity in the gut.

This meta-analysis examines the gut fungal communities in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis compared to individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. The analysis utilized ITS-based sequencing or shotgun metagenomics to evaluate fungal diversity, taxonomic composition, and relative abundance.

The primary finding indicates that patients with Crohn's disease have a reduced fungal alpha diversity compared to healthy controls. The meta-analysis reported a pooled weighted mean difference in Shannon diversity of -0.84. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of associations between fungal composition and disease phenotype or inflammatory activity, though specific values for these associations were not detailed in the primary results.

No specific limitations or safety data were reported. The results suggest an association between the gut mycobiome and inflammatory bowel disease, but the evidence is currently limited to observational associations rather than established causality. Clinical application of these findings is currently limited by the lack of reported data regarding the impact of these associations on specific treatment outcomes.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in the understanding of the gut microbiome's role in inflammatory bowel disease. While previous coverage noted that machine learning models can predict anti-TNF-alpha treatment response in Crohn's disease and that TCM may offer synergistic effects for Crohn's disease, this study specifically focuses on the mycobiome component of the gut environment. It provides evidence of reduced fungal alpha diversity in Crohn's disease patients, contributing to the broader understanding of the underlying biological environment of the disease.

Living with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis means dealing with a complex environment in the gut. While we often focus on bacteria, the types of fungi living in the digestive tract also play a role in how the body manages inflammation. New data helps us see exactly how these fungal communities differ in people with these conditions.

Researchers compared the gut fungal communities of people with inflammatory bowel disease to those without it. They found that people with Crohn's disease have lower fungal diversity. This means their gut has fewer different types of fungi compared to healthy individuals. This difference is a clear marker of how the gut environment changes when the disease is present.

While this finding shows a clear link between fungal variety and Crohn's disease, it is important to remember that this is an association. The study shows that the gut environment is different, but it does not prove that the lack of fungi causes the disease. It provides a clearer picture of what is happening inside the body for those managing these conditions.

What this means for you:
People with Crohn's disease have less variety in their gut fungal communities than healthy people.

Common questions

What did the study find about fungi and Crohn's disease?

The study found that people with Crohn's disease have lower fungal alpha diversity compared to healthy people. This means there is less variety in the types of fungi living in the gut. This finding helps researchers understand the differences in the gut environment for those with inflammatory bowel disease.

Does this mean the lack of fungi causes Crohn's disease?

The study shows an association between lower fungal diversity and Crohn's disease. While it confirms that the gut environment is different in people with the condition, it does not prove that the lack of fungal variety causes the disease. You should talk to your doctor about what these findings mean for your specific treatment.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedOct 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundThe intestinal mycobiome is increasingly recognized as an important component of host–microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet its contribution to intestinal immune dysregulation remains incompletely characterized. We aimed to characterize alterations in the intestinal mycobiome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, compared with individuals without IBD, focusing on fungal diversity, taxonomic composition, and relative abundance, as well as their potential associations with disease phenotype and inflammatory activity.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to March 2026, with no language or publication-date restrictions. The review was not prospectively registered. Human studies assessing gut fungal communities by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based sequencing or shotgun metagenomics were eligible. Alpha and beta diversity, taxonomic composition, and clinically relevant fungal alterations were extracted. Study quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and quantitative analyses were performed using standardized effect estimates and pooled prevalence.ResultsTwenty-eight studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. CD was consistently associated with reduced fungal alpha diversity compared with healthy controls, with a pooled weighted mean difference in Shannon diversity of −0.84 (p
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