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Digital PCR provides a strong correlation with plaque assays for disinfectant efficacy testingDigital PCR Shows Strong Correlation with Traditional Disinfectant Testing

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Key Takeaway
Note that dPCR shows strong correlation with plaque assays but may have limitations at low viral concentrations.

This guideline-based validation study evaluates the utility of digital PCR (dPCR) as a rapid quantitative complement to traditional MS2 plaque assays for testing disinfectant efficacy. The scope focuses on comparing dPCR results against standard plaque counts to determine if dPCR can reliably measure virucidal activity.

The primary finding is a strong correlation between dPCR and plaque counts, with an R = 0.999. Regarding specific disinfectants, 70% ethanol showed partial inactivation with a 2.43-log10 reduction, which was below the benchmark of 4-log10. In contrast, 60 ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl) demonstrated effective inactivation with a 4.38-log10 reduction.

A noted limitation is the potential for reduced reliability of dPCR as a proxy when viral concentrations are low and near the limit of detection. Clinical application suggests that while dPCR is validated as a rapid quantitative tool, its use should be weighed against these concentration limits in disinfectant testing protocols.

Researchers tested a method called digital PCR (dPCR) to see if it could work as a faster way to measure how well disinfectants kill viruses. They used a virus surrogate called MS2 and compared the dPCR results against a standard laboratory test known as the plaque assay.

The study found a very strong correlation between the two methods. When testing specific chemicals, 60 ppm hypochlorous acid showed effective inactivation of the virus. However, 70% ethanol only showed partial inactivation because it did not meet the required benchmark for full effectiveness.

Because this was a laboratory validation study using a surrogate virus, these results apply to testing procedures rather than direct clinical treatment. While dPCR is a fast and accurate tool for measuring disinfectant strength, its reliability may be limited when viral concentrations are very low. This finding helps scientists develop faster ways to test cleaning products.

What this means for you:
Digital PCR shows a strong correlation with standard tests for measuring how well disinfectants kill viruses.

Common questions

How accurate is the digital PCR method compared to standard tests?

The study found a very strong correlation between digital PCR and the standard plaque assay, with an R value of 0.999. This suggests that digital PCR can be a reliable and rapid way to measure how well disinfectants work in a laboratory setting.

How effective were the specific disinfectants tested?

The study found that 60 ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl) showed effective inactivation of the virus. In contrast, 70% ethanol only showed partial inactivation because it did not reach the required reduction level of at least 4-log10.

Are there any limitations to using digital PCR for these tests?

The reliability of digital PCR as a proxy may be limited when viral concentrations are very low and near the limit of detection. This means it is most reliable when there is enough virus present to be measured accurately.

Study Details

Study typeGuideline
EvidenceLevel 5
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Bacteriophage MS2 is widely applied as a surrogate for pathogenic non-enveloped RNA viruses that are difficult to culture. However, standardized approaches for evaluating disinfectant efficacy using MS2 remain limited. This study aimed to validate dPCR as a rapid quantitative complement to the previously established MS2 plaque assay, assessing their concordance in disinfectant efficacy testing using a previously established double-layer protocol. A previously established double-layer MS2 plaque assay was employed. Disinfectant efficacy was tested against two widely used agents−70% ethanol and 60 ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl)—according to the Korean Disinfectant Efficacy Test Guideline. Viral reduction was determined by plaque counts and further quantified by dPCR following RNase treatment to eliminate free RNA. Agreement between the established plaque assay and dPCR was evaluated using regression and Bland–Altman analyses. Treatment with 70% ethanol yielded only partial inactivation, with a 2.43-log10 reduction, below the ≥4-log10 benchmark for virucidal efficacy. In contrast, 60 ppm HOCl achieved a 4.38-log10 reduction, confirming effective MS2 inactivation. The dPCR counts correlated strongly with plaque counts (R = 0.999), and Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated excellent agreement within 95% confidence limits, supporting dPCR as a practical alternative to plaque assays. However, the reliability of dPCR as a proxy at low viral concentrations near the limit of detection ( This study successfully validated dPCR as a rapid quantitative complement to the previously established MS2 double-layer plaque assay, demonstrating its utility in disinfectant efficacy testing. The findings confirm ethanol's limited virucidal capacity against MS2 and HOCl's effectiveness at low concentrations. These results establish dPCR as a promising molecular tool that complements plaque assay results for comprehensive viral surrogate evaluation in disinfection studies.
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