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Narratives do not increase perceived susceptibility to antibiotic resistance compared to non-narrative informationNarratives Do Not Increase Awareness of Antibiotic Resistance Risks

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Key Takeaway
Note that narrative-based interventions did not increase perceived susceptibility to antibiotic resistance in medical students.

This randomized controlled trial enrolled 237 Dutch medical students to evaluate whether narrative-based communication could improve perceptions of risks associated with antibiotic resistance (ABR). The study compared reading or writing a narrative against receiving non-narrative information as a control.

The primary outcome was perceived susceptibility to ABR across three spatial distance levels: "you," "your patients," and "patients abroad." Results indicated that narratives, whether read or written, were not more effective than non--narrative information in increasing participants' perceived susceptibility to ABR. No specific effect sizes or p-values were reported for this primary outcome.

A secondary outcome of imaginability was measured. The study found that pre-constructed narratives increased imaginability more than self-constructed narratives specifically at the "your patients" distance level. However, this did not result in a significant difference in overall perceived susceptibility.

Safety and tolerability data were not reported. A noted limitation is that perceived susceptibility to ABR is often viewed as distant and abstract by learners. These findings suggest that narrative interventions may not be sufficient on their own to change risk perceptions regarding antibiotic resistance among medical students.

Researchers conducted a study to see if telling stories could help healthcare workers better understand the dangers of antibiotic resistance. They tested 237 Dutch medical students by having them read or write different types of information about the issue.

The results showed that narratives were not more effective than standard, non-narrative information at making participants feel more susceptible to the risk. While stories are often used in education, they did not change how students perceived risks for themselves, their patients, or people abroad compared to plain facts.

One specific finding was that pre-made stories helped with 'imaginability' more than stories the students wrote themselves. However, this did not translate into a higher sense of risk. Because antibiotic resistance is often seen as a distant problem, these results suggest that narrative styles may not be the best way to change perceptions about this specific issue.

What this means for you:
Narrative-based information did not increase how medical students perceived the risks of antibiotic resistance.

Common questions

Can storytelling help people understand antibiotic resistance?

The study showed that narratives, whether read or written, were not more effective than non-narrative information at increasing perceived susceptibility to antibiotic resistance. While stories might be used in teaching, they did not change how the medical students perceived the risks for themselves or their patients.

What was the difference between reading and writing a story?

The study found that pre-constructed narratives increased imaginability more than self-constructed narratives at the 'your patients' distance level. However, neither type of narrative was more effective than non-narrative information at increasing the overall perceived susceptibility to antibiotic resistance.

Who participated in this study?

The study included 237 Dutch medical students. The researchers used this group to see if different types of communication could improve how healthcare professionals perceive risks associated with antibiotic resistance.

Study Details

Study typeRct
EvidenceLevel 2
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Healthcare professionals often perceive antibiotic resistance (ABR) as distant and abstract, thereby underestimating their susceptibility to it. This study examined whether reading or writing a narrative can enhance perceived susceptibility to ABR. In an experiment, Dutch medical students ( = 237) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: reading or writing a narrative or reading non-narrative information (control). Perceived susceptibility was measured at three spatial distance levels: 'you', 'your patients', and patients abroad. Narratives, whether read or written, were not more effective than non-narrative information in increasing participants' perceived susceptibility to ABR. Imaginability mediated the relationship between type of narrative and perceived susceptibility post-manipulation only at the distance level 'your patients'. At this distance level, the pre-constructed narrative increased imaginability more than the self-constructed narrative. Future experimental studies should investigate the effect of adjusted narratives in increasing perceived susceptibility to ABR, a threat perceived as distant and abstract.
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