Systematic review of Mycobacterium riyadhense infection in 69 cases shows common presentations and drug susceptibility patterns.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined Mycobacterium riyadhense infection in 69 cases, including both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The study compiled data from various sources to describe clinical presentations and drug susceptibility patterns, without a specific intervention or comparator group. The median patient age was 35.5 years, with 80% male gender proportion, though the setting and follow-up details were not reported.

Main results indicated that pneumonia was the most common presentation, occurring in 52 cases, followed by lymphadenitis in 13 cases, osteomyelitis in 8 cases, and disseminated infection in 8 cases. Regarding drug susceptibility, all tested isolates were susceptible to rifampin and ethambutol, while resistance to isoniazid was detected in 5 out of 8 isolates. No effect sizes, p-values, or confidence intervals were provided for these outcomes.

Safety and tolerability data were not reported in the input. Key limitations include significant variability in the diagnosis and treatment of M. riyadhense across the included cases, which may affect the generalizability and reliability of the findings. The practice relevance underscores the urgent need for standardized diagnostic protocols and targeted treatment strategies to effectively manage these infections, but this is based on observational evidence without causal implications.