FMT shifts bile acids faster than vancomycin in recurrent C. difficile infection subgroup

Patients with infection have high colonic levels of primary bile acids, which are potent germinators of Several studies have suggested that re-establishing a normal bile acid composition is a key factor in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent infection, yet former studies supporting this lacked controls. In a subgroup from a randomized controlled trial, we compared the bile acid composition in patients with recurrent infection treated with either FMT, a bacterial mixture, or vancomycin. The fecal bile acid content was analyzed several times before and after treatments. Furthermore, we used 16S rDNA gene sequencing to analyze the presence of some bacterial species involved in bile acid metabolism. Stool donors served as healthy controls. We observed a higher proportion of primary bile acids in patients with recurrent infection than in donors, yet a donor-like dominance of secondary bile acids was observed after successful treatment in all groups. The shift seemed to occur earliest in the FMT group, followed by the vancomycin group, and the latest in the bacterial mixture group. In approximately half of the participants, the rise in secondary bile acids was timely associated with the detection of bile acid-transforming bacteria that were absent before treatment. Our findings indicate that FMT re-establishes the bile acid composition faster than vancomycin, reducing the time of susceptibility to recurrences of infection. Hence, bacterial mixtures developed as an alternative to donor stool for treating recurrent infection might benefit from including bile acid-metabolizing bacteria.