Precision nutrition offers dynamic optimization for managing patients with chronic liver disease through individualized metabolic profilesPrecision nutrition offers a new way to manage liver disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is defined as a progressive deterioration of hepatic function lasting for more than 6 months, which poses a significant challenge to global public health due to its high rates of morbidity, disability, and mortality. Traditional nutritional management often fails to meet the individualized needs of patients at different stages of disease progression and throughout their lifespan. In this context, precision nutritional intervention—a dietary approach—has garnered increasing attention in the management of CLD, due to its core advantages of dynamic optimization management strategies based on individual metabolic characteristics. This study provides a narrative review and critical analysis of the theoretical foundations, current applications, and recent advancements in precision nutrition interventions for managing CLD. Additionally, it highlights existing gaps, practical challenges, and potential directions for future research and clinical applications. The main objective is to demonstrate how multidisciplinary collaborative innovation covering hepatology, nutrition, bioinformatics, and health technology, and the optimization of supporting technologies, can accelerate the clinical transformation and widespread application of precision nutrition interventions in CLD. Ultimately, this approach aims to provide robust evidence-based decision support for developing an efficient, highly individualized health management system that encompasses prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, thereby providing substantial clinical and public health benefits.