Home›Neurology› Independent skills practice between music therapy sessions linked to fewer symptoms in TBI/PTSD patients
Independent skills practice between music therapy sessions linked to fewer symptoms in TBI/PTSD patientsMusic Homework Between Sessions Helps Veterans Recover Better
Frontiers in MedicinePublished April 22, 2026DOI ↗Editorial oversight: Dr. Ji-eun Park, MD · Brain, Mind & Pain
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Key Takeaway
Consider that independent skills practice between music therapy sessions may be associated with fewer symptoms in TBI/PTSD patients, but evidence is preliminary.
This retrospective observational analysis examined military-connected individuals with traumatic brain injury and/or post-traumatic stress disorder who participated in music therapy sessions. The study investigated the association between recommending independent skills practice (homework) between sessions and patient-reported symptoms, with no reported comparator group.
The main finding was that patients who had more sessions with recommended independent skills practice reported fewer symptoms in the following session and at discharge. No specific effect sizes, absolute numbers, p-values, or confidence intervals were reported for these results.
Safety and tolerability were not reported; no adverse events, serious adverse events, or discontinuations were noted. Key limitations include the retrospective and correlational design, the absence of a randomized controlled trial, and an unreported sample size.
Practice relevance suggests that recommending independent skills practice aligned with treatment goals could potentially be linked to a more beneficial therapeutic process. However, the evidence is preliminary and correlational, and stronger randomized-controlled trials are needed. Causation and generalizability beyond military-connected individuals with TBI/PTSD should not be overstated.
Why Practice Matters Between Sessions
Traumatic brain injuries and PTSD affect many service members. They often struggle with daily life after leaving the military. Standard therapy helps, but sometimes it is not enough on its own. The gap between visits can feel very long.
The Surprising Twist of Homework
Traditionally, therapy happened only during the scheduled appointment. Therapists worked hard, but patients went home without tools. This new approach asks patients to practice skills outside the room. It changes the patient from a listener to an active learner.
How the Brain Learns Music
Think of learning a song on a guitar. You cannot master it in one lesson. You must practice the chords at home to build muscle memory. Music therapy uses this same idea for the brain. It strengthens the pathways needed for healing.
Researchers looked at military-connected patients with brain injuries or PTSD. They tracked how often therapists suggested homework and how patients felt. The data came from standard clinical notes over time. Board-certified therapists recorded the specific goals for each task.
The Results Were Very Clear
Patients who did more homework reported fewer symptoms later. This was true both in the next session and at the end of care. Eighty percent of the tasks focused on real-life goals. They helped with things like managing stress or improving focus.
This does not mean this treatment is available yet.
But There Is a Catch
That’s not the full story. This study looked back at past records rather than testing a new plan. It cannot prove that homework caused the improvement directly. Other factors might have helped the patients feel better.
Expert Perspective on Healing
Experts say this fits well with how brains learn. It turns passive listening into active healing. However, they warn that more proof is needed to be sure. Music is a powerful tool, but it needs structure.
What You Can Do Today
You cannot simply start this on your own today. It requires a trained music therapist to guide you. Ask your care team if this option exists for you. Do not try to guess the right exercises.
The Road Ahead for Patients
Scientists plan to run larger trials to confirm these results. They want to see if this works for everyone. Approval for wider use will take time and careful testing. We must wait for more evidence before changing care.
IntroductionTherapeutic disciplines have researched the use of independent skills practice (i.e., homework) and its impact on patient outcomes, but research on this topic in music therapy has been limited and contradictory.MethodsThis retrospective, exploratory study used a correlational approach to explore the use of recommending independent skills practice between music therapy sessions for military-connected individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Board–certified music therapists (MT-BCs) developed a standardized templated note (i.e., a standardized clinical documentation form) that tracked patient care outcomes of military-connected individuals across treatment. Relevant to this paper, the template captured the number of patient-reported symptoms for each session and if the MT-BCs recommended independent skills practices (i.e., homework) for the patient to apply outside of sessions. If MT-BCs recommended independent skills practice, they recorded the goal-based skill the practice addressed.ResultsThis paper found that patients who had more sessions wherein MT-BCs recommended independent skills practice reported fewer symptoms both in the following session and at discharge. This paper also provides examples of independent skills practice recommendations and found that 80% were related to either treatment or life conditions. Although this study is retrospective and correlational, it provides preliminary evidence that recommending independent skills practice that is aligned with treatment goals for patients to complete between music therapy sessions could potentially be linked to a more beneficial therapeutic process.DiscussionThis paper discusses purposeful methods for independent skills practice and their impact on music therapy treatment for military-connected populations with TBI and/or PTSD. However, stronger, randomized-controlled trials are needed.