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Polyphenol supplementation combined with resistance training shows small and statistically uncertain improvements in muscle strengthPolyphenols and Resistance Training Show Uncertain Results for Muscle Growth

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Key Takeaway
Note that current evidence does not support a reliable additional effect of polyphenols on resistance training outcomes.

This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of chronic oral polyphenol or polyphenol-rich supplementation combined with structured resistance training compared to placebo or resistance training alone. The analysis focused on three primary outcomes: resistance-training-induced strength, muscle quantity or lean mass, and direct muscle morphology adaptations.

The meta-analysis reported a small, statistically uncertain estimate for strength (Hedges' g = 0.25; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.51; P = 0.060). For muscle quantity and lean mass, the result was also a small, statistically uncertain estimate (g = 0.13; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.33; P = 0.211). The estimate for direct muscle morphology was imprecise and close to zero (g = 0.05; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.30; P = 0.718).

Several limitations were noted, including a limited number of independent trials and substantial clinical and methodological indirectness. The authors reported low to very low certainty of evidence for all primary outcomes. Consequently, the evidence is currently insufficient to establish a reliable additional effect of polyphenol supplementation on muscle strength, lean mass, or morphology in clinical practice.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in understanding the specific physiological impacts of polyphenols on musculoskeletal outcomes. While prior coverage noted that natural products like polyphenols and berberine may modulate gut microbiota to target atherosclerosis pathways, this study specifically evaluates the interaction between polyphenols and resistance training. The findings do not confirm or contradict the potential of natural metabolites to modulate mitochondrial function or provide cardioprotective effects, as those outcomes were not assessed in this analysis.

Researchers looked at how taking polyphenols, which are found in many plants, affects people who perform resistance training. The study analyzed data from 360 participants to see if these supplements helped build more muscle or increase strength compared to training alone or using a placebo.

The results showed only small and uncertain improvements in strength. When looking at muscle mass and muscle shape, the findings were even less clear. Because the data came from a small number of independent trials, the results are not strong enough to make a firm conclusion.

Because the evidence is of low to very low certainty, it is not yet clear if polyphenols provide a reliable extra benefit for muscle growth. People should be aware that the study's findings are not definitive. You should talk with a healthcare provider before starting new supplements to see if they fit your specific fitness goals.

What this means for you:
Current evidence is too uncertain to confirm if polyphenols provide extra muscle gains during resistance training.

Common questions

Can polyphenols help me build more muscle?

The study found only a small and statistically uncertain increase in strength for those taking polyphenols with resistance training. Because the evidence is of low certainty, it is not yet clear if these supplements provide a reliable benefit for muscle growth or strength.

Is the evidence for these supplements strong?

No, the evidence is currently weak. The study notes a low to very low certainty of evidence because of a limited number of independent trials and other methodological issues. This means the results are not yet firm enough to change standard practices.

What did the study find regarding muscle mass?

The study showed a small, statistically uncertain estimate for muscle quantity and lean mass. The results for direct muscle morphology were even less clear, with an estimate close to zero. These findings are not definitive enough to confirm a clear benefit.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundPolyphenol-rich supplements are widely used to support exercise recovery, but whether these recovery-oriented effects translate into long-term resistance-training adaptations remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether chronic polyphenol supplementation modifies resistance-training-induced strength, muscle quantity/lean mass, and direct muscle morphology adaptations in adults.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 21, 2026. Randomized controlled trials in adults were included if they examined chronic oral polyphenol or polyphenol-rich supplementation combined with structured resistance training vs. placebo, a matched comparator, or resistance training alone. Risk of bias, methodological quality, and certainty of evidence were assessed using RoB 2, PEDro, and GRADE. Pooled effects were estimated in R 4.5.1 using three-level random-effects models with cluster-robust variance estimation.ResultsEleven reports describing 11 randomized trials and 11 independent study clusters, comprising 360 unique participants, were included. Strength adaptations showed a small, statistically uncertain estimate (22 effect sizes, 8 clusters, 257 unique participants; Hedges' g = 0.25, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.51, P = 0.060; 95% PI −0.36 to 0.86; I2within = 0.0%, I2between = 34.5%; low certainty). Muscle quantity/lean mass also showed a small, statistically uncertain estimate (13 effect sizes, 9 clusters, 280 unique participants; g = 0.13, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.33, P = 0.211; low certainty). Direct morphology was based on only three clusters and yielded an imprecise estimate close to zero (6 effect sizes, 115 unique participants; g = 0.05, 95% CI −0.21 to 0.30, P = 0.718; very low certainty). Exploratory subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication-bias diagnostics did not materially change the primary interpretation.ConclusionCurrent evidence does not establish a reliable additional effect of chronic polyphenol supplementation on resistance training-induced strength, lean-mass, or direct muscle-morphology adaptations. However, the limited number of independent trials, substantial clinical and methodological indirectness, and low-to-very-low certainty of evidence prevent firm conclusions regarding either benefit or lack of benefit.
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