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Intrathecal chemotherapy via Ommaya reservoir improves survival in leptomeningeal metastasisOmmaya reservoirs may help patients with leptomeningeal metastasis live longer than lumbar punctures

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Key Takeaway
Consider Ommaya reservoir for intrathecal chemotherapy in leptomeningeal metastasis for potential survival benefit.

This systematic review and meta-analysis included four comparative studies evaluating intrathecal chemotherapy delivery via Ommaya reservoir versus lumbar puncture (LP) in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), with secondary outcomes including disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events.

Ommaya-based intraventricular delivery was associated with significantly improved OS compared with LP (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.25-0.61, p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in DCR between groups (OR 2.03; 95% CI 0.53-7.78, p = 0.30), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 66%). The estimated probability of overall adverse events was numerically lower in the Ommaya group (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21-0.87, p = 0.0191), though this exploratory safety analysis derived from non-comparative data and should be treated cautiously.

Limitations include incomplete reporting of adverse events in comparative studies, moderate overall risk of bias, and moderate heterogeneity in the DCR analysis. The authors note that the safety analysis is exploratory and should be interpreted with caution. Overall, the findings provide further evidence for clarifying the advantages of the Ommaya reservoir in clinical practice, but confirmatory studies are needed.

Patients with leptomeningeal metastasis face a difficult choice for delivering chemotherapy. They can use an Ommaya reservoir or undergo repeated lumbar punctures. A recent meta-analysis looked at four studies to compare these two methods. The goal was to see if one approach truly helps people live longer or feel better.

The analysis found that using an Ommaya reservoir for intrathecal chemotherapy was linked to significantly better overall survival. The data showed a strong benefit for patients receiving treatment through this device compared to those getting injections via lumbar puncture.

Side effects were also a key concern. The study estimated that overall adverse events were numerically lower in the Ommaya group. This suggests the reservoir might be easier on the body. However, the researchers noted that safety data came from non-comparative sources and should be treated cautiously.

The quality of the included studies varied. Some had moderate risk of bias, and the data on disease control showed some inconsistency. Despite these limits, the findings offer further evidence for clarifying the advantages of the Ommaya reservoir in clinical practice.

What this means for you:
Ommaya reservoirs may improve survival and lower side effects for leptomeningeal metastasis patients.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a lethal complication of advanced malignancy with limited therapeutic options and poor survival. Intrathecal chemotherapy represents a standard treatment for LM and can be administered via repeated lumbar puncture (LP) or an intraventricular Ommaya reservoir. However, the comparative efficacy and safety of these two administration routes remain unclear. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of intrathecal chemotherapy delivered by Ommaya reservoir versus LP in patients with LM, and to provide further evidence for clarifying the advantages of the Ommaya reservoir in clinical practice. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for relevant studies published between 1986 and 2026. Studies directly comparing intrathecal chemotherapy delivered via Ommaya reservoir and LP were included in the meta-analysis. Disease control rate (DCR) was pooled as odds ratios (OR) using a random-effects Mantel-Haenszel model to account for between-study heterogeneity, and overall survival (OS) was pooled as hazard ratios (HR) using the inverse-variance method. Because adverse events (AEs) were incompletely reported in comparative studies, an additional safety analysis including single-arm cohorts was conducted using a binomial generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a logit link. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS: A total of four comparative studies with a moderate overall risk of bias were included in our meta-analysis. Three studies contributed data on DCR, and three studies contributed data on OS. The pooled analysis showed no significant difference in DCR between the Ommaya and LP groups (OR 2.03; 95% CI 0.53-7.78, p = 0.30), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 66%). In contrast, Ommaya-based intraventricular delivery was associated with significantly improved OS compared with LP (HR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25-0.61, p < 0.0001), with no significant heterogeneity (I² = 0%). In the exploratory safety analysis of six single-arm cohorts, the estimated probability of overall AEs was numerically lower in the Ommaya group (OR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.87, p = 0.0191). While this finding is derived from non-comparative data and should be treated cautiously, it offers valuable insight into safety profile. CONCLUSION: Ommaya reservoir-based intraventricular administration of intrathecal chemotherapy may provide a survival advantage over LP in patients with LM, while demonstrating a generally acceptable and manageable safety profile. Further comparative studies with standardized response criteria and rigorous safety reporting are warranted.
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