Review links oral microbiome dysbiosis to malignant transformation in oral lichen planus

This narrative review examines the role of oral microbiome dysbiosis in the progression of oral lichen planus (OLP) toward oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The scope encompasses mechanistic pathways such as the induction of inflammatory responses, disruption of immune regulation, promotion of oxidative stress, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The authors argue that these biological processes may accelerate malignant transformation within the oral cavity.

The review notes that studies have demonstrated dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to and accelerate the malignant transformation of OLP. However, specific details regarding study populations, sample sizes, or adverse events were not reported in the source material. Consequently, the evidence presented is primarily theoretical and mechanistic rather than derived from a specific randomized trial or observational cohort with quantifiable outcomes.

Limitations acknowledged include the lack of reported certainty and the absence of data on specific interventions or comparators. The authors emphasize that while this review provides a theoretical basis and scientific support for early warning and microecological-targeted interventions in OLP malignancy, clinicians should interpret these findings cautiously. The document serves to highlight potential biological links rather than establishing definitive causal relationships or treatment guidelines based on primary trial data.