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Virtual reality interventions significantly reduce anxiety scores in patients with various types of cancerVirtual reality helps reduce anxiety for people with cancer

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Key Takeaway
Consider virtual reality as a safe, non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety in cancer patients.

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventions for managing anxiety in patients diagnosed with cancer, including breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers. The analysis synthesized data from both randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies to assess psychological outcomes and patient satisfaction.

The meta-analysis found statistically significant decreases in anxiety scores, with a reported effect size of SMD = -0.793 (95% CI = -1.403 to -0.184; Z = -2.551; p = 0.011). Additionally, user satisfaction with VR interventions was reported as exceptionally high, with scores of 4.47/5 and 7.35/10. The intervention was noted as safe and well-tolerated, with only minor instances of cyber sickness reported.

Limitations of the current evidence include the lack of long-term follow-up data to determine if VR benefits other symptoms beyond anxiety. The study does not provide data on other physical or psychological symptoms. Clinically, VR may serve as a safe, non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety management in oncology nursing and palliative care settings.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in non-pharmacological management for cancer patients. While prior evidence suggests exergaming can improve mobility and fatigue in adults with cancer, this finding specifically addresses anxiety management. The results complement existing evidence for non-pharmacological interventions in oncology, though the scope is limited to anxiety and does not address other physical symptoms.

Living with a cancer diagnosis brings a heavy weight of anxiety. For patients facing treatment, finding ways to manage that stress is vital. A review of several studies shows that virtual reality (VR) can be a powerful tool to help calm the mind and reduce anxiety scores for those with breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers.

Patients who used VR reported very high satisfaction with the experience. While some people experienced minor instances of cyber sickness, the technology was generally considered safe and well tolerated. It offers a non-drug way to manage stress in hospital settings and during palliative care.

Because this review combined different types of studies, we still need more long-term follow-up to see if VR helps with other physical or mental symptoms. For now, it stands as a promising way to provide comfort and relief to patients during a difficult time.

What this means for you:
Virtual reality is a safe and effective way to reduce anxiety for people undergoing cancer treatment.

Common questions

Is virtual reality safe for cancer patients to use?

Yes, the study found that virtual reality is a safe and well-tolerated way to manage anxiety. While some people experienced minor instances of cyber sickness, there were no serious adverse events reported. It is considered a safe non-pharmacological option for patients in nursing and palliative care.

How does virtual reality help with anxiety?

Virtual reality interventions led to statistically significant decreases in anxiety scores for people with breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers. Patients also reported exceptionally high satisfaction with the experience, scoring it highly on satisfaction scales.

What are the limitations of using virtual reality for cancer care?

While virtual reality is effective for anxiety, the current data does not show if it helps with other physical or psychological symptoms. More long-term follow-up is needed to see if it can provide benefits beyond just reducing anxiety.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Despite its growing presence in healthcare settings, research on the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) interventions for symptom experience of patients with cancer remains varied and requires a comprehensive synthesis to reach definitive conclusions. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of VR interventions in managing anxiety among individuals diagnosed with cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted for studies published from 2000 to November 2025. Publications were evaluated by independent reviewers for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. RESULTS: Twenty-one publications satisfied the requirements for review inclusion. The meta-analysis demonstrated that VR-based interventions were significantly effective in the management of patients' anxiety, yielding a moderate-to-high effect size (SMD = -0.793, 95% CI = -1.403 to -0.184; Z = -2.551; p = 0.011). Most studies reported statistically significant decreases in anxiety scores across various cancer types, including breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers. No major side effects were reported, although minor instances of cyber sickness were managed by adjusting session durations. User satisfaction was exceptionally high, with satisfaction scores reaching 4.47/5 and 7.35/10. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The results support the use of VR as an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety management. The findings highlight the potential for VR to be integrated into routine oncology nursing and palliative care to improve the patient experience during stressful treatments like chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: VR-based interventions are an effective, safe, and highly acceptable approach for managing anxiety in patients with cancer. Further research is needed to support wider clinical implementation and to investigate the potential benefits of VR for other physical and psychological symptoms over longer follow-up periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022351573.
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