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Simulation-based training improves fundus identification success in ophthalmology educationSimulation training improves eye exam skills in early review

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Key Takeaway
Consider simulation-based training for ophthalmology curricula to improve fundus identification skills, but interpret results cautiously due to limited evidence.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of simulation-based training compared to traditional training methods for teaching fundus examination. The analysis included 772 participants across simulated settings. The primary outcome was the successful fundus identification rate, with secondary outcomes including simulation favorability, posttest results, and perceived benefits.

Pooled results showed that 63.1% of participants correctly identified fundus structures after simulation-based training. Additionally, 75.6% of participants preferred simulation over traditional training methods. These findings suggest that simulation may enhance learning outcomes in ophthalmology education.

However, the authors note important limitations, including limited study numbers and heterogeneity in how outcomes were assessed. Adverse events were not reported, and funding sources were not disclosed. The certainty of the evidence is limited, and interpretation of fundus identification outcomes should be cautious.

Despite these caveats, the review supports the integration of simulation-based training into ophthalmology curricula to enhance training outcomes. Further research with standardized assessments and larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

A systematic review and meta-analysis examined 772 participants in simulated settings to compare training methods. The study looked at how well trainees could identify eye structures and how they felt about the training. Results showed that 63.1% of participants correctly identified fundus structures using simulation-based training. Additionally, 75.6% of participants preferred this method over traditional training approaches. No safety concerns were reported during the simulated training sessions.

The review noted that the number of studies included was limited and that assessments varied between them. Because of these factors, experts suggest caution when interpreting the results regarding eye identification outcomes. The study did not report any adverse events or discontinuations related to the training methods used.

Despite these limitations, the findings support integrating simulation into ophthalmology curricula to potentially enhance training outcomes. Readers should understand that this is an early review with limited data. More research is needed to confirm these benefits in real-world clinical settings before changing standard practices.

What this means for you:
Early review suggests simulation training may improve eye exam skills, but more research is needed.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 772
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of simulation-based training for direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The primary outcome was successful fundus identification rate. Secondary outcomes included the simulation favorability rate, posttest results, and perceived benefits. Of the 955 studies identified, 11 studies were included, comprising a total sample of 772 participants. Simulation training improved fundus identification success, with 63.1% of participants correctly identifying fundus structures and demonstrated a high favorability rate, with 75.6% of participants preferring simulation over traditional training methods. Participants also demonstrated improvements in posttest knowledge and technical skills, with enhanced confidence, realism, and ease of learning, underscoring simulation's role in effectively advancing practical ophthalmic skills. Overall, simulation-based training seems effective in enhancing examination skills within simulated settings. These findings support its integration into ophthalmology curricula to enhance training outcomes. Interpretation of fundus identification outcomes should be cautious due to limited study numbers and assessment heterogeneity.
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