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Motor competence is associated with improved mental health outcomes in youth aged 5 to 19Better physical skills are linked to better mental health in youth

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Key Takeaway
Note the small but significant positive association between motor competence and mental health in youth aged 5 to 19.

This meta-analysis synthesized data from 17 studies to examine the association between motor competence (MC) and mental health in a population of healthy youth aged 5 to 19 years. The analysis included 15 studies with sufficient data for meta-analysis. The primary finding was a small but significant positive association between MC and mental health, reported as an effect size of 0.30 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.40).

The authors noted that the majority of the included studies were cross-sectional in design. Consequently, these results indicate a correlation rather than a causal relationship between physical motor competence and mental health outcomes. Two studies were excluded from the meta-analysis due to insufficient statistics.

Clinical relevance is limited by the observational nature of the data. However, the analysis identified that participant age and specific domains of motor competence emerged as the most relevant moderators for the observed association. These findings may suggest that targeted physical development programs could be relevant for youth mental health, though further longitudinal research is required to establish causality.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in understanding how physical factors influence mental health in young populations. While prior coverage noted that psychosis symptoms in youth are linked to a 2-fold higher risk of later mental health disorders, this study provides evidence for an association between motor competence and mental health in healthy youth (effect size 0.30). It complements existing knowledge on youth mental health by identifying physical motor domains as relevant factors.

Growing up is hard, and many young people struggle with their mental well-being. Researchers looked at how physical abilities, known as motor competence, might play a role in a child's mental health. They combined data from 15 different studies involving healthy youth between the ages of 5 and 19.

The results showed a small but clear link between having good motor skills and better mental health. While this connection is consistent across many young people, it is important to remember that these studies mostly looked at a single point in time. This means we cannot say for certain that better physical skills cause better mental health, only that the two often go together.

The strongest links were found when looking at specific age groups and different types of movement skills. Because most of the data came from cross-sectional studies, more research is needed to see how these factors change over time. For now, it highlights how physical development and mental well-being are connected in growing children.

What this means for you:
Youth with better motor skills show a small but significant link to improved mental health.

Common questions

What is motor competence?

Motor competence refers to the physical skills and abilities of a person. In this study, it looked at how these physical movements relate to mental health in children and teens aged 5 to 19.

Does better physical skill cause better mental health?

The study found a small but significant link between the two. However, because most of the data was cross-sectional, we cannot say for certain that one causes the other; it only shows they are associated.

Who did this research focus on?

The study focused on healthy youth between the ages of 5 and 19. The researchers looked at 15 studies with enough data to show a clear connection between movement skills and mental health.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Motor competence (MC) is essential for an active lifestyle, enabling confident and effective participation in physical activities. Emerging evidence suggests that MC may also benefit young people's mental health. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesize evidence on the association between MC and mental health in youth. We conducted a systematic search of five databases: APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English after 2014, and included healthy youth aged 5-19 years. Studies were required to report a quantitative association between at least one aspect of MC and mental health. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Study quality was evaluated using NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool. We used a structural equation modeling approach for meta-analysis, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. We identified 6049 records after removing duplicates. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which two lacked the necessary statistics for meta-analysis. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 14) and included children (n = 13). We observed a small but significant association between MC and mental health (effect size = 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.40). Significant moderators included study design, age, type of MC assessment, risk of bias, domains of MC and mental health. Our findings suggest that MC was associated with mental health in youth. Participants' age, domains of MC and mental health emerged as the most relevant moderators. Further experimental studies, particularly in adolescents, are needed to investigate underlying mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42024495894.
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