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Children with developmental coordination disorder consistently demonstrate lower motor skills across all domainsStandardized Tests Help Identify Motor Skills in Children with DCD

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Key Takeaway
Note that children with DCD consistently demonstrate lower motor skills across all domains compared to peers.

This meta-analysis evaluates motor competence in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to typically developing (TD) peers. The analysis included 3934 participants and utilized several standardized motor batteries, including MABC, MABC-1, MABC-2, TGMD-2, BOTMP, and KTK, to assess various motor domains.

The synthesis indicates that children with DCD consistently demonstrate lower motor skills across all domains compared to their TD peers. Specific findings noted that manual dexterity was relatively more affected in the MABC-1, while aiming and catching emerged as the relatively more affected domains in the MABC-2. These results suggest that standardized motor batteries are useful for operationalizing Criterion A in clinical assessments.

Authors note that these results should be interpreted cautiously. Standardized motor batteries are not sufficient markers in isolation and must be considered within a broader clinical and functional framework. The specific effect sizes and p-values for these comparisons were not reported in the data provided.

Researchers looked at how children and adolescents with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) performed compared to their typically developing peers. They used several standardized motor batteries to test different skills, including manual dexterity, aiming, and catching. The study included a large group of over 3,900 children.

The results showed that children with DCD consistently had lower motor skills across all tested areas. However, the specific areas of struggle varied depending on which test was used. For example, manual dexterity was more affected in one specific test, while aiming and catching were more affected in another.

While these tests are helpful for identifying motor skills, they should not be used alone to make a diagnosis. These results are best used as part of a broader clinical look at a child's daily life. These tools help doctors see where a child might need more support in their physical activities.

What this means for you:
Standardized tests help identify specific motor skill gaps in children with coordination disorders.

Common questions

What specific motor skills were affected in children with DCD?

Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder showed lower motor skills across all domains. Specifically, manual dexterity was more affected in the MABC-1 test. In the MABC-2 test, the areas of aiming and catching were found to be the more affected domains for these children.

Are these tests enough to diagnose a child's condition?

No, these standardized motor batteries are not sufficient markers on their own. They are useful for identifying specific motor skills, but results should be interpreted carefully within a broader clinical and functional framework rather than as standalone markers for a diagnosis.

Who was included in this study?

The study included a large group of 3,934 children and adolescents. This group included both children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and typically developing peers to compare their motor competence across various domains.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 3,934
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedSep 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Standardized motor batteries are widely used to assess motor competence in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), although it remains unclear whether they consistently capture the domains most affected by the disorder. AIMS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the motor competence domains in which children and adolescents with DCD differ from their typically developing (TD) peers, as assessed through standardized motor batteries. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A systematic search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) up to November 12, 2025. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Thirty studies were included, comprising 3934 participants (1663 DCD groups and 2271 TD peers). Most studies used the MABC, with eight using the MABC-1 and 18 the MABC-2; two the TGMD-2, one the BOTMP, and one the KTK. Overall, children with DCD consistently demonstrated lower motor skills across all domains. However, the relative pattern of impairment across the various subdomains was not consistent, particularly in the MABC. Meta-analytic findings indicated that manual dexterity was relatively more affected in the MABC-1, whereas aiming and catching emerged as the relatively more affected domain in the MABC-2, in both DCD and TD groups. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that standardized motor batteries are useful for operationalizing Criterion A, but their results should be interpreted cautiously and within a broader clinical and functional framework rather than as sufficient markers in isolation.
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